“…It is worth noting that, nowadays, code-switching is not limited to direct spoken communication; it is also observable in other forms of media, such as literature, music, and films (Karjo & Alyarizky, 2021). It also happens in TV reality shows (Fadil & Andriani, 2021;Silaban & Marpaung, 2020), Vlogs (Saraswati, Suarnajaya, & Putra, 2022), Twitter posts (Ariasih, Jendra, & Sulatra, 2021), and Podcasts (Suardhana, 2022). Code-switching and code-mixing happen not only in non-formal situations but also in formal settings, such as presidential speeches (Wibowo, Idah, & Fera, 2017).…”