An Analysis of the Allometric and Multifractal Features of a Development in the Urban-Rural Area in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River: 2012 Cross-Sectional Data of Four Provinces and One City

Abstract

The provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang and the city of Shanghai in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River forming a concentrated distribution area of developed cities and rich villages in China are so called “the four provinces and one city,” which have experienced rapid and typical urban-rural development. By drawing on the perspective of allometric growth, this paper conducts fundamental analysis and multifractal analysis of 52 prefecture-level cities in four provinces and one city in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Fundamental analysis shows that there are different patterns of allometric growth in various areas of the region, as well as the emergence of diffusion in fundamental activities and of polarisation in advanced activities. Multifractal analysis also shows that the comprehensive regional development is dominated by large- and medium-sized cities, but various fields have different fractal spectrums and form six interrelated urban-rural integration modes. The multiple spatial dissymmetry disclosed in the analysis also shows that each field had its own allometric growth features during the regional development. This paper adopts the fitting function and the relevant parameters of the fractal dimension to quantify the evolution in particular fields. Analysis shows that the developments in prefecture-level cities are different and represent the regional evolution status; the urban-rural development in metropolises and small- and medium-sized cities is nonmainstream.

Measuring the Level of Urban–Rural Integration Development and Analyzing the Spatial Pattern Based on the New Development Concept: Evidence from Cities in the Yellow River Basin

“…The existing research scale in China is dominated by macroscopic scales such as national, urban clusters, economic zones, provinces and cities [25,27,36,37]. Hot research areas are mainly focused on the capital ring region, the Pearl River Delta [35], the Yangtze River Delta [38], Huaihai Economic Zone [37], Jiangsu [39], Zhejiang [40] and other economically developed provinces. Some scholars have analysed the overall characteristics of URIs from the provincial level based on the macroscopic scale and usually use cluster analysis to classify the URI evaluation results into classes and then further analyse the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns [27].…”

Segment Stock Market, Foreign Investors, and Cross-Correlation: Evidence from MF-DCCA and Spillover Index

“…us, the theory of Fractal Market Hypothesis (FMH) [41] emerged following the EMH, which provided the accurate evidence of the correlations from the perspective of econophysic, and heaps of research studies employ the econophysic method to investigate the correlations 2 Complexity between different financial markets. As described by Ghosh, the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) [42], the generalized DCCA [43], is a very rigorous and robust technique for assessment of cross-correlation between two nonlinear time series [44]; thus, a great number of studies employed such a tool to explore the cross-correlation of several fields, such as hydrological processes [45,46], traffic signals [47], and geophysical data [48]. us, in this paper, we utilize the popular tool of MF-DCCA, to investigate the effect of the transactions of foreign investors.…”