An analysis of the three-dimensional kinetics and kinematics of maximal effort punches among amateur boxers

Stanley, Edward; Thomson, Edward; Smith, Grace; Lamb, Kevin L.

doi:10.1080/24748668.2018.1525651

Cited by 33 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Perhaps surprisingly, there was no associated improvement in technique in the novices who demonstrated minimal changes in angular velocity of the trunk (-1.78% and 2.50%) for both Retention 1 and 2, respectively. Thus, their improved bag acceleration (6.88% and 9.67%) must have come from increased movements of the more distal body segments, such as the elbow ( Stanley et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The jab requires rapid and complex motor skills, involving a series of coordinated and forceful muscular contractions ( Lenetsky et al., 2020 ). Stanley et al. (2018) found that the jab exhibited a proximal-distal sequence for the shoulder and elbow joints, respectively, with the shoulder reaching peak angular joint velocity approximately 12% before the elbow during jab execution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The jab requires rapid and complex motor skills, involving a series of coordinated and forceful muscular contractions (Lenetsky et al, 2020). Stanley et al (2018) found that the jab exhibited a proximal-distal sequence for the shoulder and elbow joints, respectively, with the shoulder reaching peak angular joint velocity approximately 12% before the elbow during jab execution. In similar high-speed sporting movements, such as the tennis serve or the golf drive, the proximal movement segments are known to reach their maximal angular velocities prior to the distal movement segments, a process believed to facilitate effective transmission of joint torques between segments (Putnam, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Biofeedback on Performance and Technique of the Boxing Jab

et al. 2021

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A growing body of research has addressed the application of movement-based biofeedback techniques for improving sports performers’ gross motor skills. Unlike in previous research, we aimed in this study to quantify the effects of this “external” biofeedback on selected performance and technique variables for the boxing jab among both novices and experts. The technical setup included two inertial measurement units linked wirelessly to a video game system with audio output. The units were configured to provide auditory external biofeedback, based on the peak acceleration of the bag (i.e., biofeedback with an external attentional focus). Sixteen participants (8 novices and 8 experts) performed boxing jabs against the bag in blocked phases of biofeedback. When compared to baseline, the acute effects of externally focused biofeedback on peak bag acceleration were possibly positive in both retention phases for novices (d = 0.29; d = 0.41) and likely positive for experts (d = 0.41; d = 0.30), respectively. The experts’ performance improvements were accompanied by substantive increases in trunk rotation, though this was not true for the novices. Thus, technique improvements can be promoted indirectly via externally focused biofeedback, but only when these actions are within the performers’ motor repertoire. Overall, biofeedback via inertial sensors appears to be a potent technique for modifying human movement patterns in both experts and novices. This low-cost technology could be used to support training across sports, rehabilitation and human-computer interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Biofeedback on Performance and Technique of the Boxing Jab

et al. 2021

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“…Although this might be the case in a boxing match for a better positioning on the ring or to maintain a good balance in front of an opponent, this opinion was not confirmed by our data and previous data collected in laboratory conditions. In novice amateur boxers, Stanley et al ( 2018 ), reported that the lead or rear leg may present a higher or lower GRF depending on the punch type and technique of execution (i.e., rear or lead hand). As recorded in our study, and based on other throwing activities such as the shot put, discus throw, javelin, and baseball, it seems that a stable lead leg (presenting the highest GRF) be necessary to produce force proximally to the end of the kinematic chain (i.e., the most distal segment which is the fist) (Whiting et al, 1991 ; Bartonietz, 1994 ; Macwilliams et al, 1998 ; Dinu et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Analysis of the Cross, Hook, and Uppercut in Junior vs. Elite Boxers: Implications for Training and Talent Identification

Dinu

Louis

2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Punching in boxing requires a combination of force and velocity of the acting arm, originating from an optimal synchronization of the different body segments. However, it is not well-understood what kinematic parameters of the punching execution influence boxing performance the most. This study aimed to investigate the differences in punching execution between 15 potential Olympic medalist boxers (Elite group) and 8 younger well trained boxers (Junior group). Each athlete was equipped with an instrumented suit composed of 17 inertial measurement units (IMU) and were asked to perform several series of 3 standardized punch types (cross, hook, and uppercut) with maximal force. Linear velocity, stability, and punch forces were computed from the different sensors. Our findings show that Elite boxers systematically produced more force and at a higher velocity for the three punch types compared to Juniors. Further analysis revealed differences in joint contributions between Elite and Juniors, Juniors presenting a higher contribution of the shoulder for the three punch types. Finally ground reaction force imbalance between the front and rear foot was revealed in the cross only, in all boxers (60.6 ± 24.9 vs. 39.4 ± 24.9% and 54.1 ± 7.1 vs. 45.9 ± 7.1%, p ≤ 0.05, for the front vs. rear foot in Elite and Juniors, respectively) but not different between groups. These results have important implications for practitioners involved in the talent identification process, longitudinal follow-up, and training of boxers.

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“…However, access to the above performance staff and their resources may differ between elite and non-elite boxers. An effective punch in boxing requires rapid proximalto-distal sequencing, culminating in high peak fist velocities toward the target prior to impact [16][17][18]. Recent research has demonstrated acute increases in the velocity of combat striking and throwing techniques, following a PAPE conditioning activity comprising elastic resistance [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of pre-conditioning and recovery strategies in senior elite and non-elite amateur boxing

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Greig

et al. 2021

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

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Objectives: A variety of acute strategies around competition are used to prepare and promote physical and mental restoration in athletes. However, to date, no research exists on the prevalence of such methods in amateur boxing. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) examine the prevalence of preconditioning and recovery strategies in amateur boxing; 2) ascertain whether this was discriminated against at competitor level. Methods: This study surveyed 101 senior amateur boxers (Senior Elite SEB n = 59; Senior Development SDB n = 42), on their application and perceptions of pre-conditioning and recovery strategies. Results: The reported findings determined a significantly greater number of SEB performed resistance priming activity up to 48 hours prior to competition (11, 19% vs 2, 5%; P = 0.040), and post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) activity in the pre-competition warm-up (18, 31% vs 1, 2%; P < 0.001), compared to SDB. Likewise, SEB reported they were also significantly more likely to utilize massage (SEB 35, 59%, SDB 11, 29%, P = 0.001) and cold-water immersion (CWI) (SEB 28, 47%, SDB 10, 29%, P = 0.016) as recovery modes, compared to their SDB counterparts. Conclusions: This study was the first to provide data on the use of PAPE, priming and recovery methods around amateur boxing bouts. Increased access to multi-disciplinary staff could be expected in SEB, possibly explaining the greater prevalence of evidence-based methods around competition. Once athlete responsiveness to PAPEand longer-term priming methods are initially assessed, these strategies could be implemented to improve punch-specific performance, though more research is needed on their efficacy. Likewise, boxers could utilize evidence-based recovery modes where possible, with increased importance during repeat-bout scenarios, such as domestic tournaments. Coaches and practitioners may use this data to implement pre-conditioning and recovery strategies, to optimize performance and reduce the risk of injury of amateur boxers.

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An analysis of the three-dimensional kinetics and kinematics of maximal effort punches among amateur boxers

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

The Effects of Biofeedback on Performance and Technique of the Boxing Jab

The Effects of Biofeedback on Performance and Technique of the Boxing Jab

Biomechanical Analysis of the Cross, Hook, and Uppercut in Junior vs. Elite Boxers: Implications for Training and Talent Identification

The prevalence of pre-conditioning and recovery strategies in senior elite and non-elite amateur boxing

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