An Analysis on Barriers to Biomass and Bioenergy Development in Rural China Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Cognitive Map

Abstract

Biomass is viewed as one of the critical renewable energies and it widely exists in nature. Developing bioenergy has been promoted as a viable mean of dealing with environment issues that are related to the utilization of fossil fuel. However, due to many obstacles, the biomass and bioenergy technology has not won widespread support in developing countries, like China, with vast land area, particularly in rural area. Furthermore, most existing researches just focused on the description of the influence factors, along with the solution to the technical problems, while many social factors are overlooked. In fact, the process of developing biomass is indeed complicated due to the need for consensus and active participation of the various stakeholders, such as the government, the industry, and the local residents. Therefore, while integrating the intuitionistic fuzzy logic and fuzzy cognitive map, this study constructs an intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive map (IFCM) that is in line with experts’ suggestions and the current literature to investigate how to promote the development of biomass through enhancing public acceptance. We conduct several simulations from the perspective of different stakeholders, according to the IFCM. The analysis results reveal the influence mechanism in the system and illustrate the effect of various factors that are stressed by every stakeholder. The research design also provides a reference for future studies.

Estado Da Arte Das Pesquisas Sobre Barreiras À Difusão De Energias Renováveis: Uma Revisão Da Literatura

“…Alto custo de investimento inicial (Sukamongkol, 2017;Rupf et al, 2015;Khan e Khan, 2017;Polzin, 2017;Arshad e O'kelly, 2019;Econômica How et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2019;Rezaee et al, 2019;Seetharaman et al, 2019) Custos do sistema e tecnologias (Saculsan, 2018;Sukamongkol, 2017;Karakaya e Sriwannawit, 2015;Granoff et al, 2016;Fenton e Kanda, 2017;Haas et al, 2018;Wyllie et al, 2018;Diógenes et al, 2019;Ullah et al, 2019) Falta de suporte financeiro (instituições) (Saculsan, 2018;Sato et al2017;Sukamongkol, 2017;Wyllie et al, 2018;Diógenes et al, 2019 (Garcia, 2017)…”

“…Falta de infraestrutura e/ou logística (Saculsan, 2018;Garcia, 2017;Haas et al, 2018;Anantharajah, 2019 (Manaf et al, 2019) Baixa eficiência (Ghimire e Kim, 2018;Günther, 2018;Ma et al, 2019;Thapar et al, 2019) Competitividade dos fósseis (Saculsan, 2018;Karakaya e Sriwannawit, 2015;Morales et al, 2015;Okafor e Martins, 2017;Olowu et al, 2018;Anantharajah, 2019;Diógenes et al, 2019;Ullah et al, 2019) Necessidade de grandes áreas (implementação) (Linnerud e Holden, 2015;Cheraghi et al, 2019;How et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2019) Problemas na troca de energias (Garcia, 2017; Okafor e Martins, 2017; Dos Santos Carstens e Da Cunha, 2019) Implementação desde começo do projeto (Rupf et al, 2015) Problemas de transporte (Sato et al, 2017)…”

“…Instabilidade política (Mokhtar, 2019;Sukamongkol, 2017;Garcia, 2017;Thapar et al, 2019;Ullah et al, 2019) Desacordos" entre empresas (Saculsan, 2018;Günther, 2018;Arshad e O'kelly, 2019) Falta de suporte público (Saculsan, 2018;Sato et al,2017;Desgain e Haselip, 2015;Karakaya e Sriwannawit, 2015;Rupf et al, 2015;Manaf et al, 2019; Falta de políticas (Desgain e Haselip, 2015;Garcia, 2017;Ghimire e Kim, 2018;Günther, 2018;Anantharajah, 2019;Arshad e O'kelly, 2019;Saculsan, 2018;Morales et al, 2015;Rupf et al, 2015;How et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2019;Manaf et al, 2019;Ullah et al, 2019) Procedimentos institucionais complexos (Sukamongkol, 2017;Desgain e Haselip, 2015;Karakaya e Sriwannawit, 2015;Garcia, 2017;Ghimire e Kim, 2018;Anantharajah, 2019;Dos Santos Carstens e Da Cunha, 2019;How et al, 2019;Manaf et al, 2019;Thapar et al, 2019) Responsabilidades maudefinidas (Mokhtar, 2019;Garcia, 2017;Günther, 2018;How et al, 2019; Falta de disseminação da informação Recursos insuficientes…”

“…Devido aos altos custos e dificuldades para a implementação (que incluem a troca dos combustíveis fósseis para as energias limpas), as energias renováveis não são atraentes para todos investidores e empresas (Ma et al, 2019). Por isso, é importante que existam incentivos por parte do governo, com o objetivo de estimular e encorajar investimentos, pesquisas e para facilitar a implementação dessas tecnologias.…”

“…O crescimento industrial, o desenvolvimento tecnológico, e a melhora na qualidade de vida da população estão acompanhados pelo aumento do consumo de energia elétrica (De Souza Mendonça et al, 2020). Esta energia, em sua maior parte, é fornecida por meio da queima de combustíveis fósseis, que leva a muitos problemas como, por exemplo, a poluição do ar, as emissões globais de gases de efeito estufa, o esgotamento de energia e a segurança do suprimento energética (Ma et al, 2019).…”