An Analysis on Contemporary MAC Layer Protocols in Vehicular Networks: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions

Hota, Lopamudra; Nayak, Biraja Prasad; Kumar, Arun; Ali, G. G. Md. Nawaz; Chong, J. Michael

doi:10.3390/fi13110287

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 124 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Vehicles are equipped with on-board units (OBUs) to enable inter-vehicle communication in VANETs, with single and multi-hop communication using unicast, multicast, and broadcast to other vehicles or to road side units (RSUs). Modelling and simulation of vehicular interaction will enable better communication channel design and implementation [51][52].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Vehicular Communication using ALOHA CSMA with Modified Logistic Function (ALOHAMLF)

2023

IJIES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this work is to mathematically model vehicular connectivity using ALOHA base function with modified logistic function as an adaptive control function. The focus of this work is to utilize the ALOHA protocol as a carrier sensing multiple access technique and add to it an intelligent part, which is the modified logistic function (MLF) to enable adaptive communication channel. The work correlates three time based parameters related to vehicle, communication, and human driver, which are associated with connected vehicles (driver response time, machine processing time, and channel communication time). The mathematical model showed that throughput for autonomous and connected vehicles is much higher than that for connected vehicles due to the elimination of human time factor, together with the evident low response time from sensors, electronics, and communication. In addition, a more stable connectivity is established if human element is not part of the model, as this eliminates both uncertainty and lengthy human response time. The ALOHA function role is to enable continuous tries by each node (vehicle) to establish communication with probability related to availability of communication channel and a back off functionality in case of collision. The proposed model provides dynamic and adaptive technique to adjust time slots using the continuous change in the vehicular connectivity environment, which affects the presented time parameters, thus changing frames delivery pattern and time slots utilization. The presented approach, supports better and more efficient use of communication channel, particularly in the case of autonomous and connected vehicles. It also, highlights through comparison the inhibitory effect driver actions can have on safe driving, through time delay, and low communication channel utilization. In addition, the work also focusses on the effect of processing time for sensors and electronics, which also have negative effect on channel usage and effectiveness, if there is a functional problem.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Vehicular Communication using ALOHA CSMA with Modified Logistic Function (ALOHAMLF)

2023

IJIES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the most extensively used Media Access Control (MAC) protocols, Carrier Sense Several Access (CSMA), enables multiple users to share a single transmission channel, such as Ethernet and 802.11 wireless LAN. Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is a much research and applied Media Access Control (MAC) protocols, as it allows multiple users to share a common communication medium [17], [18], [19], [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Vehicular Communication Using NP-CSMA with Bernoulli-Based Gaussian Interpolation Function

Iskandarani

2024

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective is to investigate the effectiveness of Gaussian arrival and its effect on vehicular communication compared to Bernoulli's arrival. MATLAB simulation covers three different levels of slot probability: low, medium, and high. The goal behind such simulation is to establish the importance of an adaptive function such as Gaussian interpolation resulting in smoother control of vehicular communication with better channel performance when compared to Bernoulli. This work shows that at low slot probability (Pslot), Gaussian arrival results in a much higher throughput (S) compared to Bernoulli, with a gradual reduction in throughput as Gaussian spread (γ) increases. The decrease in S as γ increases is due to the Gaussian interpolation, which performs control and results in higher channel stability. At mid probability, the simulation and analysis show a convergence between Gaussian results and Bernoulli, with differences in buffered frames (Btotal) as a function of γ. At a high Pslot value, Bernoulli produces higher S than Gaussian, with the closest Gaussian values at γ=2. However, the number of buffered frames using Bernoulli arrival is much higher than Gaussian. The exceedingly high Btotal can result in more collisions, which Gaussian arrival controls very well with a small sacrifice in throughput. The shape function for Bernoulli is shown to be different from Gaussian, except for specific values of γ, where there is a match. The obtained results show the adaptability and smoothness in which Gaussian arrival can optimize channel communication using Non-Persistent CSMA, which enables intelligent vehicular communication.

show abstract

“…Thus, multiple nodes (communicating vehicles) will use a common channel to communicate (transmit and receive data). Sharing a communication channel, will open a chance and probability for collision, thus reducing throughput [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Waiting Time and Number of Slots on Vehicular Networking Employing Slotted ALOHA Protocol

2024

IJIES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work investigates through simulation effect of waiting time and number of slots on the effectiveness of using Slotted ALOHA in vehicular connectivity as a random access technique. The objective is to reach optimum level of throughput under the vehicular dynamic environment. The presented work proposes to concentrate on waiting time as a controlling parameter that can be used in an adaptive manner to enable throughput optimization in response to changing vehicular density. The work proved through MATLAB simulation the importance of waiting time parameter in controlling number of delivered frames and throughput. The results show that based on the exponential relationship between throughput and data traffic, there is a logarithmic relationship between data traffic and waiting time, which complements another logarithmic relationship between throughput and waiting time. The simulation also shows that there is an inverse relationship between throughput and data traffic as a function of set waiting time. The simulation shows that there is an exponential relationship between waiting time and maximum number of delivered frames. The work shows that a linear region of operating Slotted ALOHA can be specified, such that an optimum and dynamically adjusted waiting time is set with overall effect on number of slots and throughput. The dynamic shape function of the curve correlating waiting time to available number of slots is mathematically modelled and differentially controlled, thus an optimizing and controlling algorithm is produced, which improves significantly the conventional ALOHA performance and has an advantage over other used ALOHA derivatives, in that it concentrates on available slots and waiting time, which greatly contributes towards reduction in collisions and improving of throughput.

show abstract

An Analysis on Contemporary MAC Layer Protocols in Vehicular Networks: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions

Cited by 14 publications

References 124 publications

Adaptive Vehicular Communication using ALOHA CSMA with Modified Logistic Function (ALOHAMLF)

Adaptive Vehicular Communication using ALOHA CSMA with Modified Logistic Function (ALOHAMLF)

Effectiveness of Vehicular Communication Using NP-CSMA with Bernoulli-Based Gaussian Interpolation Function

Effect of Waiting Time and Number of Slots on Vehicular Networking Employing Slotted ALOHA Protocol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About