An anonymous and failure resilient fair-exchange e-commerce protocol

A Fair Exchange & Customer Anonymity Protocol Using A Trusted Third Party for Electronic Commerce Transactions & Payments

“…Though [7][8] [9] only a very few of these protocols concentrate on both anonymity and fair exchange aspects [4][6] [9].…”

Fairness in Physical Products Delivery Protocol

“…Other e-commerce fair exchange protocols i.e. protocols that are designed for the exchange of digital items (such as in [1], [2], [11], [13]) do not need a delivery agent because the items are sent electronically from the seller to the buyer through the protocol messages using computer networks. Hence, the design structure is different for the exchange of physical products and payments.…”

“…The offline TTP-based fair exchange protocols (such as in [1]- [3], [11], [13], [17]) do not rely on the TTP during the exchange of items. Rather, the parties will exchange their items directly and the TTP will be contacted in the case of dispute between the participating parties.…”

“…In the literature consulted, the focus for the use of fair exchange protocols is in the context of digital products and their payments (as in [1], [2], [11], [13], [17]); the exchange of emails and receipts [12]; and the exchange of two digital signatures on a contract [3], [4]. The use of fair exchange protocols for physical products has, however, not received its due attention, even though most of the products sold online are physical in nature.…”

Risk Balance in Optimistic Non-repudiation Protocols

“…Though the results of [17] are not directly applicable to optimistic protocols. To reduce the dependency of protocols on availability and sanity of a single TTP, distributed TTPs can be used [3,13,16]. Note that distributed TTPs in general need to ensure the consistency of their (distributed) state.…”