An approach to analyse the factors behind the micromechanical response of 3D-printed composites

Pascual-González, Cristina; Iragi, M.; Fernández, Andrea; Fernandéz‐Blázquez, Juan P.; Aretxabaleta, L.; Lopes, C.S.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107820

Cited by 86 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It can also be observed that the fibre distribution is non-uniform, and both large matrix-dominated and high fibre density zones can be distinguished (Figure 15(b)). This phenomenon was also identified in the pre-printed filament [35]. The fibre volume fraction obtained with 3D-printing of continuously reinforced laminates (31.4% reported in section 2.1) is lower than fibre volume fractions obtained with traditional processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The density of the PA matrix and carbon fibre reinforcement were obtained from the literature [38,39]. Table 1 compares the results obtained for the printed CCF/PA material and those for the pre-printed filaments [35]. Similar fibre contents were obtained using the matrix burn-off technique [18] and using microscope image processing technique [15].…”

Section: Printing Process and Resulting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In this study, the composite was extruded at a temperature of 252 • C while the T g of the amorphous PA 6/3T matrix is 143 • C, as determined in [35]. In order to analyse the thermal history of the printed CCF/PA, the From the information above, it would seem that the deposited material heats the bottom layer sufficiently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five repetitions of each experiment were performed. All samples were obtained by cutting a multi-sample printed plate, thus also eliminating the PA contour (Figure 1 The mechanical specifications for printed PA6 were taken from literature [35]. (Figure 2).…”

Section: Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ply and interlaminar behaviours of 3D printed continuous carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic laminates; effects of processing conditions and microstructure

Iragi

Pascual-González

Esnaola

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

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Taking advantage of an extended design and manufacturing space for composites, the technology of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) of continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastics shows great potential for the production of the next generation of lightweight structural parts. This novel process is very much under development, and knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of the resulting 3D-printed materials is still limited. In this work, the intra-and inter-laminar behaviours of carbon fibre/polyamide printed laminates were extensively characterised to determine ply elastic and strength properties, as well as interface strength and fracture characteristics. Moreover, the effects of eventual production defects on these properties were analysed, putting in evidence some of the present shortcomings of the FFF process. Such defects include non-homogeneous fibre distribution, large amounts of intra-and interlaminar voids, and weak interlayer bonding, which are likely to be due to insufficient thermo-mechanical consolidation of the material during the FFF process, and have significant influence on the matrix-dominated mechanical properties. As a result, the transverse and interlaminar properties were found to be lower than those obtained through Hot Compression Moulding of an equivalent material. Besides highlighting possible process improvements, the mechanical characterisation carried out in this work promises a significant

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Printing Process and Resulting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ply and interlaminar behaviours of 3D printed continuous carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic laminates; effects of processing conditions and microstructure

Iragi

Pascual-González

Esnaola

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

Self Cite

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“…Moreover, these changes showed to have more effect over the mechanical properties measured in tension rather than in compression. In other recent work, Pascual-González et al [70] characterized the composition and calorimetric properties of continuous and short fiber reinforced raw filaments, in addition to unreinforced raw filaments, before printing. It was verified that the continuous fiber reinforced composite filaments can present an amorphous nature before printing in opposition to semi-crystalline nature found in thermoplastic matrix commonly used in FFF process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Puck and Schürmann Inter Fiber Fracture Criterion for Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic 3D-Printed Composite Materials

et al. 2020

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The present work expands the application of Puck and Schürmann Inter-Fiber Fracture criterion to fiber reinforced thermoplastic 3D-printed composite materials. The effect of the ratio between the transverse compressive strength and the in-plane shear strength is discussed and a new transition point between the fracture conditions under compressive loading is proposed. The recommended values of the inclination parameters, as well as their effects on the proposed method, are also discussed. Failure envelopes are presented for different 3D-printed materials and also for traditional composite materials. The failure envelopes obtained here are compared to those provided by the original Puck and Schürmann criterion and to those provided by Gu and Chen. The differences between them are analyzed with the support of geometrical techniques and also statistical tools. It is demonstrated that the Expanded Puck and Schürmann is capable of providing more suitable failure envelopes for fiber reinforced thermoplastic 3D-printed composite materials in addition to traditional semi-brittle, brittle and intrinsically brittle composite materials.

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Investigations of quasi‐static indentation properties of 3D printed polyamide/continuous Kevlar/continuous carbon fiber composites

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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3D printing technologies are widely used in aerospace, automobile, and other fields due to their rapid manufacture of strong and lightweight products without additional molds and components. However, the relatively low mechanical behaviors of 3D printed composites were due to the weak pristine matrix and the inherent porosity of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. This drawback was compensated by the addition of hybrid continuous fibers for improving the comprehensive and designable characteristics. In addition, the properties of the hybrid composites could be influenced by changing the processing parameters. Therefore, this work aims to study the mechanical properties of designed 3D printed hybrid continuous carbon and Kevlar fibers reinforced polyamide (PA)‐based composites with different fiber layer locations and stacking sequences. The quasi‐static indentation (QSI) tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical behaviors of the printed composites. The deformation and failure mechanisms of the printed composites were revealed by fractography. Results demonstrated that the printed composites with the middle fiber layer locations showed the highest force value (Fmax) and higher energy absorption capabilities than the printed composites with the fiber layers placed in other locations, which was attributed to the delayed cracking propagation and large delamination, respectively.

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An approach to analyse the factors behind the micromechanical response of 3D-printed composites

Cited by 86 publications

References 28 publications

Ply and interlaminar behaviours of 3D printed continuous carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic laminates; effects of processing conditions and microstructure

Ply and interlaminar behaviours of 3D printed continuous carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic laminates; effects of processing conditions and microstructure

Expanding Puck and Schürmann Inter Fiber Fracture Criterion for Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic 3D-Printed Composite Materials

Investigations of quasi‐static indentation properties of 3D printed polyamide/continuous Kevlar/continuous carbon fiber composites

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