An Approach to Industrial Automation Based on Low-Cost Embedded Platforms and Open Software

Abstract

<jats:p>This paper presents a performance evaluation of the development of the instrumentation, communications and control systems of a two-tank process by using low-cost hardware and open source software. The hardware used for automating this process consists of embedded platforms (Arduino and Raspberry Pi) integrated into programmable logic controllers (PLCs), which are connected to a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system implemented with an open source Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platform. The main purpose of the proposed approach is to evaluate low-cost automation solutions (hardware and software) within the framework of modern industry requirements in order to determine whether these technologies could be enabling factors of IIoT. The proposed control strategy for regulating tank levels combines the classic PID algorithm and the fuzzy gain scheduling PID (FGS-PID) approach. Fault detection capabilities are also enabled for the system through a fault detection and diagnosis module (FDD) implemented with an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The distributed controller’s (DC) algorithms are embedded into the PLC’s processors in order to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed system. Additionally, a remote human to machine interface (HMI) is deployed through a web client of the IIoT application. Experimental results show the proper operation of the overall system.</jats:p>

IoT based Machine Learning Automation Algorithm for Controlling the Industrial Loads

“…Luis I. Minchala [16] developed control method for operating tank levels by combining the PID algorithm and Fuzzy Gain Scheduling (FGS) approach. The fault identification method was developed for the system using Fault Detection and Diagnosis Module (FDD) implemented with Extended Kalman Filter (EKF).…”

“…The proposed IRF showed lesser error values of 0.0386 when compared with the exisitng models. Luis I. Minchala [16] developed PID-FGS faced aggressive industrial condition like dust and noise environment resulted with RMSE of 0.4247. Similarly, Bastian Dietrich [10] utilized the data was not suitable for energy flexibility and increase in energy cost showed optimization problem in the automation obtained RMSE of 3.607 and Precision of 67 %.…”

Using Augmented Reality and Internet of Things for Control and Monitoring of Mechatronic Devices

“…The current emerging trend in the Internet of Things has an impact not only in applications for households [10], smart buildings and services, but also on industries and manufacturing [11,12]. The application of IoT principles in industries is called the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).…”

An Android and Arduino Based Low-Cost Educational Robot with Applied Intelligent Control and Machine Learning

“…The integration of a smartphone in an educational robot would allow to have a system with many advanced sensors at a low cost compared to other higher cost educational robots. To achieve this integration, it is necessary to connect or link the smartphone to an input-output microcontroller board, such as Arduino, IOIO, ESP8266, ... Arduino [7] has become an open standard, and is being widely used as a daily tool in many schools, and universities in education in electronics, control and robotics or even at industrial level [8][9][10][11]. For example, paper [8] presents Simulink exercises that use Arduino as low-cost hardware for PID control of a DC motor.…”

“…With remote learners in mind, authors in [9] present an Arduino platform and a hardware-based open lab kit that allows students to use inexpensive course-specific hardware to complete lab exercises at home. On the other hand, paper [10] presents the use of programmable logic controllers (PLC) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), based on Arduino and Raspberry-Pi, to control a two-tank process, including fuzzy PID and fault detection with extended Kalman filter, among others. In [11], the authors discuss the advantages of using Arduino in an undergraduate mechatronics course organized in a competition framework in which students build a mobile robot.…”