An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids

Costigan, Stephen A.; Meredith, Clive

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.018

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition to nicotine, ECIG aerosol can contain other toxicants, some of which are created by the thermal breakdown of the liquid ingredients. [26][27][28][29] These harmful constituents include glycols, aldehydes, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). 30 Glyoxal and methyl glyoxal (di-aldehydes) have also been found in the ECIG aerosol; these compounds do not appear in cigarette smoke.…”

Section: Ecigs and Their Design Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?

Breland

Soule

Lopez

et al. 2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

283

269

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Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) use electricity to power a heating element that aerosolizes a liquid that often contains solvents, flavorants, and the dependence-producing drug nicotine for user inhalation. ECIGs have evolved rapidly in the past 8 years, and the changes in product design and liquid constituents affect the resulting toxicant yield in the aerosol and delivery to the user. This rapid evolution has been accompanied by dramatic increases in ECIG use prevalence in many countries, including among adults and especially adolescents in the United States. This increased prevalence of a novel product that has the potential to deliver nicotine and other toxicants to users’ lungs drives a rapidly growing research effort. This review highlights the most recent information regarding the design of ECIGs and liquid and aerosol constituents, the epidemiology of ECIG use among adolescents and adults (including correlates of ECIG use), and preclinical and clinical research regarding ECIG effects. The current literature suggests a strong rationale for an empirical regulatory approach toward ECIGs that balances any potential ECIG-mediated decreases in health risks for smokers who use them as substitutes for tobacco cigarettes and against any increased risks for nonsmokers who may be attracted to them.

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Section: Ecigs and Their Design Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?

Breland

Soule

Lopez

et al. 2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

283

269

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“…An earlier proposal promoted the selection of e-liquid ingredients with certain purity criteria and to avoid ingredients known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic (Costigan and Meredith 2015). The authors also suggested the exclusion of known respiratory sensitizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a multi-layer systems toxicology framework for in vitro assessment of the biological effects of Classic Tobacco e-liquid and its corresponding aerosol using an e-cigarette device with MESH™ technology

et al. 2019

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We previously proposed a systems toxicology framework for in vitro assessment of e-liquids. The framework starts with the first layer aimed at screening the potential toxicity of e-liquids, followed by the second layer aimed at investigating the toxicity-related mechanism of e-liquids, and finally, the third layer aimed at evaluating the toxicity-related mechanism of the corresponding aerosols. In this work, we applied this framework to assess the impact of the e-liquid MESH Classic Tobacco and its aerosol compared with that of cigarette smoke (CS) from the 3R4F reference cigarette. In the first layer, we evaluated the cytotoxicity profile of the MESH Classic Tobacco e-liquid (containing humectants, nicotine, and flavors) and its Base e-liquid (containing humectant and nicotine only) in comparison with total particulate matter (TPM) of 3R4F CS using primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures. In the second layer, the same culture model was used to explore changes in specific markers using high-content screening assays to identify potential toxicity-related mechanisms induced by the MESH Classic Tobacco and Base e-liquids beyond cell viability in comparison with the 3R4F CS TPM-induced effects. Finally, in the third layer, we compared the impact of exposure to the MESH Classic Tobacco or Base aerosols with 3R4F CS using human organotypic air-liquid interface buccal and small airway epithelial cultures. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of the MESH Classic Tobacco liquid was similar to the Base liquid but lower than 3R4F CS TPM at comparable nicotine concentrations. Relative to 3R4F CS exposure, MESH Classic Tobacco aerosol exposure did not cause tissue damage and elicited lower changes in the mRNA, microRNA, and protein markers. In the context of tobacco harm reduction strategy, the framework is suitable to assess the potential-reduced impact of electronic cigarette aerosol relative to CS.

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“…From a manufacturing point of view, innovation in product design combined with rigorous product stewardship should be in place and actively enforced during the development of ecigarettes in order to minimize potential hazards and risks from the products. 54 Product manufacturing quality is also critical in ensuring consistency and stability during the full life cycle of Chemical Research in Toxicology pubs.acs.org/crt Article the product, helping to reduce variability across time for consumers and regulatory testing alike.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Chemical Characterization of the Aerosol Emissions of a Vaping Product Based on a New Technology

Nicol¹,

Fraser

Walker

et al. 2020

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Around 10 million people in the United States and 3 million people in the United Kingdom are estimated to use vaping category products. There are some estimates that there will be 75−80 million vapers worldwide by 2020. Most of these products are based on coil-and-wick technology. Because the heating and aerosol formation are separate processes, the system can lead to dry-wicking and elevated emission of carbonyls if designed and/or manufactured poorly. Low-nicotine and low-power coiland-wick devices have also been linked to increased exposure to formaldehyde due to compensatory behavior by users. We characterized the emissions of a vaping product which uses a fabric-free stainless-steel mesh distiller plate technology that heats and aerosolizes the e-liquid in a single process. The plate has a microporous structure for capillary-induced liquid transformation (wicking) and aerosolization that is optimized to avoid fluid starvation and overheating and improved control. Compared with emissions previously reported for a coil-and-wick nicotine vaping product (e-cigarette), most classes of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) from this vaping product were below the level of detection or quantification. For those that were quantifiable, this vaping product generally had lower levels of emissions than the e-cigarette, including carbonyls. Formaldehyde and methyl glyoxal levels did not differ significantly between vaping products. In this system, the single mode of liquid transfer and vapor formation permits high aerosol mass delivery but further reduces emissions of HPHCs that may be present in conventional ecigarette aerosol, by lessening the risk of thermal breakdown of the aerosol-generating solvent mixture.

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An approach to ingredient screening and toxicological risk assessment of flavours in e-liquids

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?

Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?

Application of a multi-layer systems toxicology framework for in vitro assessment of the biological effects of Classic Tobacco e-liquid and its corresponding aerosol using an e-cigarette device with MESH™ technology

Comprehensive Chemical Characterization of the Aerosol Emissions of a Vaping Product Based on a New Technology

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