An approach towards continuous production of silver nanoparticles using Bacillus thuringiensis

Abstract

Herein the principles of green chemistry were applied to optimize the method to produce and extract silver nanoparticles during the growth of bacteria.

Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles using bacteria from mangrove swamp

“…The effect of biofabricated AgNP on E. coli and S. aureus cells was studied using a LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability fluorescence kit (L7007, Molecular probes, Invitrogen, USA) using a fluorescence microscope with a 40X objective lens. The samples were prepared for image acquisition at fluorescence microscope, following the protocol as described in our previous article [10]. For a comparative analysis, we took commercial Sigma‐Aldrich AgNP suspension (product code‐730785, Sigma‐Aldrich, USA) as a standard.…”

“…To synthesise AgNP during the bacterial growth in the culture medium, 0.312 mM AgNO 3 (< MIC value for the bacteria) was added into the culture medium after the log phase was reached. The biosynthesis and purification of AgNP was obtained as reported in published protocol [10]. Briefly, AgNP was synthesised in 500 ml nutrient broth flask containing 0.312 mM AgNO 3 , and inoculated with 1 ml overnight culture of the isolated bacterial strain.…”

“…In addition to that, diverse metabolism and efficient strategies to overcome the metal toxicity gives them additional advantage for metal nanoparticle synthesis [23]. Various studies have been reported for extracellular as well as intracellular synthesis of AgNPs from bacteria like Bacillus thuringiensis [10], Pseudomonas hibiscicola [24], Deinococcus radiodurans [25] and so on. Despite the significant progress in nanoparticle synthesis from bacteria, very few articles have reported live bacteria-mediated AgNP synthesis, which can further be adopted in fermentation for large-scale production [10].…”

“…Green synthesis is an easy, eco‐friendly, reliable and non‐toxic process than other commercial processes. There are a number of biological resources reported for the green synthesis of nanoparticles including, plant extract, bacteria and fungi [10, 11]. The advantages of bacteria over other biological resources are mainly easy fabrication, low‐cost culture maintenance and re‐inoculations, and also can be adopted for relatively large‐scale production through fermentation [10].…”

Silver nanoparticles fabricated using medicinal plant extracts show enhanced antimicrobial and selective cytotoxic propensities

“…The properties include high surface-to-volume ratio, surface potential, surface energy, crystallinity, catalytic effect, magnetic effect and so on. Besides intrinsic properties of the material, the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles depend upon the fabrication methods and capping agents used in the methods [2][3][4].…”