An aquaporin mediates cell shape change required for cellular immunity in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

Ahmed, Shabbir; Kim, Yonggyun

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41541-2

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Once entering the body cavity through wounds or other pathogens' infection, microbes can be recognized by host insects to induce cellular and humoral immune responses (Lemaitre and Hoffmann, 2007). Cellular immune responses include hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, encapsulation, and nodule formation via activating hemocytespreading behavior (Ahmed and Kim, 2019). Humoral immune responses are executed by various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and activated at relatively later stage of infection to remove the remaining microbes after activating cellular immunity (Haine et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Against Bacillus thuringiensis and Its Suppression by Eicosanoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors

Sajjadian

Kim

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Two entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, are known to be able to synthesize and secrete eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors (EIBs) that can enhance pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) against different target insects. Such enhancements can be explained by the suppression of immune responses in the hemocoel by EIBs. However, little is known about the role of EIBs in the defense against Bt pathogenicity in the gut. This study was focused on the role of insect gut immunity in the defense against Bt pathogenicity, in which the cooperative effect of bacterial metabolites was assessed. Screening 14 different bacterial strains, bacterial culture broth of Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata ANU101 (Ptt) gave the highest cooperative effect on Bt virulence along with significant inhibitory activity against phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2) of Plutella xylostella. In gut lumen, Ptt culture broth suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Bt treatment and facilitated bacterial growth, similar to vitamin E, an antioxidant. To analyze the ROS source, dual oxidase (Px-Duox) and NADPH-dependent oxidase (Px-Nox) genes were predicted from P. xylostella genome and their expressions were confirmed in larval gut. RNA interference (RNAi) of Px-Duox expression reduced ROS levels in both gut epithelium and lumen while RNAi of Px-Nox expression reduced ROS levels only in gut epithelium. Ptt extract significantly suppressed gene expression levels of Px-Duox and Px-Nox, leading to lower ROS concentrations in the gut lumen. Three commercial PLA 2 inhibitors significantly increased the insecticidal activity of Bt by suppressing ROS levels in the gut lumen. These results indicate that Ptt extract containing EBIs can prevent up-regulation of ROS level in the midgut in response to Bt infection and enhance the virulence of Bt against P. xylostella.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Against Bacillus thuringiensis and Its Suppression by Eicosanoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors

Sajjadian

Kim

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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“…With respect to the potential expression of an aquaporin genes, it is noted that in Drosophila , the aquaporin Prip is one of the most enriched genes in plasmatocytes (Ramond et al, 2020) and another aquaporin, Drip, is enriched in lamellocytes (Tattikota et al, 2020). During cellular immunity in Spodoptera exigua , aquaporins are involved in the regulation of cell shape (Ahmed and Kim, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of silkworm hemocyte subsets and analysis of their response to BmNPV infection based on single-cell RNA sequencing

Feng

Xia

Fei

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of hemocytes in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) and mock-infected larvae to comprehensively identify silkworm hemocyte subsets and determined specific molecular and cellular characteristics in each hemocyte subset before and after viral infection. A total of 19 cell clusters and their potential marker genes were identified in silkworm hemocytes. All of the hemocyte clusters were infected by BmNPV at 3 day post infection. Interestingly, BmNPV infection can cause severe and diverse changes in gene expression in hemocytes. Cells belonging to the infection group mainly located at the early stage of the pseudotime trajectories. Furthermore, we found that BmNPV infection suppresses the immune response in the major hemocyte types. In summary, our results revealed the diversity of silkworm hemocytes and provided a rich resource of gene expression profiles for a systems-level understanding of their functions in the uninfected condition and as a response to BmNPV.

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“…The other sequence is likely incomplete and resembles a region in proteins of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family that function as membrane channels that selectively transport water, small neutral molecules, and ions. Aquaporins belong to the MIP family and are involved in the regulation of cell shape during cellular immunity in Spodoptera exigua (123). The aquaporin Prip is one of the most enriched genes in plasmatocytes of Drosophila (58) and another aquaporin, Drip, is enriched in lamellocytes (5).…”

Section: Cluster 10 ("Granulocyte")mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemocyte Clusters Defined by scRNA-Seq in Bombyx mori: In Silico Analysis of Predicted Marker Genes and Implications for Potential Functional Roles

2022

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Within the hemolymph, insect hemocytes constitute a heterogeneous population of macrophage-like cells that play important roles in innate immunity, homeostasis and development. Classification of hemocytes in different subtypes by size, morphology and biochemical or immunological markers has been difficult and only in Drosophila extensive genetic analysis allowed the construction of a coherent picture of hemocyte differentiation from pro-hemocytes to granulocytes, crystal cells and plasmatocytes. However, the advent of high-throughput single cell technologies, such as single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), is bound to have a high impact on the study of hemocytes subtypes and their phenotypes in other insects for which a sophisticated genetic toolbox is not available. Instead of averaging gene expression across all cells as occurs in bulk-RNA-seq, scRNA-seq allows high-throughput and specific visualization of the differentiation status of individual cells. With scRNA-seq, interesting cell types can be identified in heterogeneous populations and direct analysis of rare cell types is possible. Next to its ability to profile the transcriptomes of individual cells in tissue samples, scRNA-seq can be used to propose marker genes that are characteristic of different hemocyte subtypes and predict their functions. In this perspective, the identities of the different marker genes that were identified by scRNA-seq analysis to define 13 distinct cell clusters of hemocytes in larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, are discussed in detail. The analysis confirms the broad division of hemocytes in granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids and perhaps spherulocytes but also reveals considerable complexity at the molecular level and highly specialized functions. In addition, predicted hemocyte marker genes in Bombyx generally show only limited convergence with the genes that are considered characteristic for hemocyte subtypes in Drosophila.

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An aquaporin mediates cell shape change required for cellular immunity in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

Cited by 15 publications

References 73 publications

Dual Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Against Bacillus thuringiensis and Its Suppression by Eicosanoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors

Dual Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Against Bacillus thuringiensis and Its Suppression by Eicosanoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors

Identification of silkworm hemocyte subsets and analysis of their response to BmNPV infection based on single-cell RNA sequencing

Hemocyte Clusters Defined by scRNA-Seq in Bombyx mori: In Silico Analysis of Predicted Marker Genes and Implications for Potential Functional Roles

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