An Architecture for an Integrated Fire Emergency Response System for the Built Environment

Upadhyay, Rochan; Pringle, Gavin; Beckett, George; Potter, Stephen; Han, Liangxiu; Welch, Stephen; Usmani, Asif; Torero, José L.

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.9-427

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Fire safety aims at constantly improving and developing new response systems for these emergencies. A possibility currently being explored in new emergency response systems is to combine live sensor monitoring and forecast of fire development [1]. It is envisioned that the forecasting of fire dynamics in enclosures will imply a paradigm shift in the response to emergencies, providing the fire service with essential information about the fire ahead of time [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics

Jahn¹,

Rein²,

Torero³

2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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The sensitivity of computer fire modelling using results from NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to a set of input parameters related to fire growth has been analyzed. The scenario simulated is the real-scale Dalmarnock Fire Test One and the modelling results are compared to the measurements. Fire size and location, convection, radiation and combustion parameters were varied in order to determine the associated degree of sensitivity. Emphasis is put in the prediction of secondary ignition and time to flashover. In this context and while keeping the HRR constant, simulations of fire growth are significantly sensitive to location of the heat release rate (HRR), fire area, flame radiative fraction, and material thermal and ignition properties. The simulations are relatively insensitive to the heat of combustion (while keeping the HRR constant), the soot yield and the heating from the smoke layer. The results indicate that the future development of successful fire forecast methodologies of fire growth using CFD must focus on the global HRR as well as the important parameters identified here. KEYWORDS: FDS, prediction, Dalmarnock, modelling, forecast NOMENCLATURE LISTINGHeat of combustion (kJ/kg)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics

Jahn¹,

Rein²,

Torero³

2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…All measurement data are passed to the fire model via a database, as per the architecture developed for the FireGrid project [11]. Formatting conventions are adopted for each sensor type, enabling rapid set-up.…”

Section: Sensor Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor-steered fire simulation

Koo

Fraser-Mitchell

Welch

2010

Fire Safety Journal

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A sensor-linked modelling tool for live prediction of uncontrolled compartment fires, K-CRISP, has been developed in order to facilitate emergency response via novel systems such as FireGrid. The modelling strategy is an extension of the Monte-Carlo fire model, CRISP, linking simulations to sensor inputs which controls evolution of the parametric space in which new scenarios are generated, thereby representing real-time "learning" about the fire. CRISP itself is based on a zone model representation of the fire, with linked capabilities for egress modelling and failure prediction for structural members, thus providing a major advantage over more detailed approaches in terms of flexibility and practicality, though with the conventional limitations of zone models. Large numbers of scenarios are required, but computational demands are mitigated to some extent by various procedures to limit the parameters which need to be varied. HPC (high performance computing) resources are exploited in "urgent computing" mode. The approach adopted for steering is shown to be effective in directing the evolution of the fire parameters, thereby driving the fire predictions towards the measurements. Moreover, the availability of probabilistic information in the output assists in providing potential end users with an indication of the likelihood of various hazard scenarios. The best forecasts are those for the immediate future, or for relatively simple fires, with progressively less confidence at longer lead times and in more complex scenarios. Given the uncertainties in real fire development the benefits of more detailed model representations may be marginal and the system developed thus far is considered to be an appropriate engineering approach to the problem, providing information of potential benefit in emergency response.

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“…When considering technology platforms proposed in last two decades, it appears that the FireGrid Project (Upadhyay et al, 2008) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 r n a l o f E n t e r p r i s e I n f o r m a t i o n M a n a g e m e n 5 A more recent study conducted by Nguyen et al (2015) in Germany proposed a hybrid architecture for firefighters and examined how different smart technologies could be coupled to support fire fighters. However, this latter study does not substantially address the research and conceptual gap concerning ISAs for fire ER.…”

Section: Page 2 Of 34 Journal Of Enterprise Information Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information systems architecture for fire emergency response

Prasanna

Yang

King

et al. 2017

JEIM

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Purpose There has been a lack of meaningful information systems architecture, which comprehensively conceptualise the essential components and functionality of an information system for fire emergency response addressing needs of different job roles. The purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive information systems architecture which would best support four of the key firefighter job roles. Design/methodology/approach The study has built on the outcomes of two previous preliminary studies on information and human-computer interaction needs of core firefighter job roles. Scenario-based action research was conducted with firefighters in a range of roles, to evaluate human-computer interaction needs while using various technology platforms. Findings Several key themes were identified and led us to propose several layers of an integrated architecture, their composition and interactions. Research limitations/implications The selected fire scenarios may not represent every type of fire expected in high-risk built environments. Practical implications The current paper represents a shared discussion between end users, system architects and designers, to understand and improve essential components. It therefore provides a reference point for the development of information system architecture for fire emergency response. Originality/value The proposed information system architecture is novel because it outlines specific architectural elements required to meet the specific situation awareness needs of different firefighters job roles.

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An Architecture for an Integrated Fire Emergency Response System for the Built Environment

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics

The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics

Sensor-steered fire simulation

Information systems architecture for fire emergency response

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