An Arduino-Based Wireless Sensor Network for Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Decagon EC-5 Sensors

Payero, José O.; Nafchi, Ali Mirzakhani; Davis, Rebecca; Khalilian, Ahmad

doi:10.4236/ojss.2017.710021

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is likely due to the slower rate of irrigation in soil amended with 1% biochar. This slower irrigation allows water to be distributed within the column in a relatively more uniform and stable manner, thus maintaining an efficient regulation of water content within the soil column in an ideal range (Payero et al, 2017). Compared with the soil column sample without biochar, its water absorption is stronger, which further reduces the water displacement in the soil column.…”

Section: Optimal Biochar Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the combination of biochar‐amended soil and automated irrigation technology for water regulation and preservation in green infrastructure

Zhu,

Huang,

Song

et al. 2023

Deep Underground Science and Engineering

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Biochar is a carbon sink material with the potential to improve water retention in various soils. However, for the long‐term maintenance of green infrastructure, there is an additional need to regulate the water contents in the covers to maintain vegetation growth in semiarid conditions. In this study, biochar‐amended soil was combined with subsurface drip irrigation, and the water preservation characteristics of this treatment were investigated through a series of one‐dimensional soil column tests. To ascertain the best treatment method specific to semiarid climatic conditions, the test soil was amended with 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% biochar. Automatic irrigation devices equipped with soil moisture sensors were used to control the subsurface water content with the aim of enhancing vegetation growth. Each soil column test lasted 150 h, during which the volumetric water contents and soil suction data were recorded. The experimental results reveal that the soil specimen amended with 3% biochar is the most water‐saving regardless of the time cost. Soil with a higher biochar content (e.g., 5%) consumes a more significant amount of water due to the enhancement of the water‐holding capacity. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the appropriate ratio can be determined within 1%–3%, which can reduce not only the amount of irrigated/used water but also the time cost. Such technology can be explored for water content regulation in green infrastructure and the development of barriers for protecting the environment around deep underground waste containment.

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Section: Optimal Biochar Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the combination of biochar‐amended soil and automated irrigation technology for water regulation and preservation in green infrastructure

Zhu,

Huang,

Song

et al. 2023

Deep Underground Science and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The EC-5 produces an analog signal output, which is correlated to the current soil VWC. Therefore, to read the EC-5 sensor using a microcontroller or other datalogger, the procedure is to apply a known and regulated voltage to the sensor and then measure the output voltage [26]. The Watermark sensor can be read in a similar manner using a microcontroller.…”

Section: Prototype Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Cell-Phone-Based Internet of Things (IoT) Systems for Soil Moisture Monitoring

Payero¹,

Marshall²,

Farmaha³

et al. 2021

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Active soil moisture monitoring is an important consideration in irrigation water management. A permanent and readily accessible record of changes in soil moisture can be used to improve future water management decisionmaking. Similarly, accessing stored soil moisture data in near-real-time is also essential for making timely farming and management decisions, such as where, when, and how much irrigation to apply. Access to reliable communication systems and delivery of real-time data can be affected by its availability near production fields. Therefore, soil moisture monitoring systems with realtime data functionality that can meet the needs of farmers at an affordable cost are currently needed. The objective of the study was to develop and fieldtest affordable cell-phone-based Internet of things (IoT) systems for soil moisture monitoring. These IoT systems were designed using low-cost hardware components and open-source software to transmit soil moisture data from the Watermark 200SS or ECH 2 O EC-5 sensors. These monitoring systems utilized either Particle Electron or Particle Proton Arduino-compatible devices for data communication. The IoT soil moisture monitoring systems have been deployed and operated successfully over the last three years in South Carolina.

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“…The electronics for the flume IoT system were developed based on previous systems that were developed for soil moisture monitoring [26] L glass carboy collection vessel. A composite water sample was then collected from the carboy after the rainfall event and stored in a cooler later water quality analysis.…”

Section: The Electronic Components Used In the Iot Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Internet of Things (IoT) System for Measuring Agricultural Runoff Quantity and Quality

Payero¹,

Marshall²,

Nafchi³

et al. 2021

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Runoff is an important component of the water balance of agricultural fields. Accurate measurement or estimation of agricultural runoff is important due to its potential impact on water quantity and quality. Since runoff from agricultural fields is sporadic and is often associated with irrigation and/or intense rainfall events, manually measuring runoff and collecting water samples for water quality analysis during runoff events is inconvenient and impractical. In the fall of 2017, a field site was selected at the Clemson University Edisto Research and Education Center with the objective of developing, constructing, and testing an Internet of things (IoT) flume system to automatically measure runoff and collect water samples. In 2018, an automatic IoT system was developed and installed consisting of six stainless steel H-flumes (22.9-cm), which measured runoff from six adjacent research plots under two different cultural regimes (cover crop and no cover crop). An electronic eTape sensor was installed in the flume and used to measure the water level or the flume's head. Open-source electronic (Arduino) devices and a cloud-based platform were then used to create a wireless sensor network and IoT system to automatically record the amount of runoff (hydrograph) coming from each section, collect water samples and transmit the data to a Cloud server (Thingspeak.com) where the data can be viewed remotely in real-time. The IoT flume system has been operating successfully and reliably for more than two years.

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An Arduino-Based Wireless Sensor Network for Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Decagon EC-5 Sensors

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Exploring the combination of biochar‐amended soil and automated irrigation technology for water regulation and preservation in green infrastructure

Exploring the combination of biochar‐amended soil and automated irrigation technology for water regulation and preservation in green infrastructure

Development and Application of Cell-Phone-Based Internet of Things (IoT) Systems for Soil Moisture Monitoring

Development of an Internet of Things (IoT) System for Measuring Agricultural Runoff Quantity and Quality

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