An Artificial Aqueous Humor as a Standard Matrix to Assess Drug Concentration in the Anterior Chamber by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods

Macrı́, Angelo; Marini, Marini; Sangalli, G; Fucile, Carmen; Iester, Michele; Mattioli, Francesca

doi:10.7754/clin.lab.2014.140309

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Analysis of CTZ/AZE in aqueous humor. Artificial aqueous humor was prepared to mimic the chemical composition of the human aqueous humor 48 . One mL of it was moved into 10.0 mL volumetric flasks, followed by adding different aliquots of both CTZ and AZE stock and working solutions containing (10-300 and 5-100 µg of CTZ and AZE, respectively).…”

Section: Analysis Of Ctz/aze In Laboratory Prepared Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial design-assisted reverse phase HPLC–UV approach for the concurrent estimation of cetirizine and azelastine in aqueous humor

Abd-AlGhafar

Aly

Sheribah

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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A new analytical quality by design-assisted HPLC–UV approach is presented, for the first time, for the concurrent determination of cetirizine (CTZ) and azelastine (AZE) in raw materials, commercial eye drops and aqueous humor. The two drugs are co-administered as eye drops in severe ocular allergies. A 23 full factorial design was adopted for the chromatographic optimization to ensure the best analytical performance and reliability, as well as to save time, effort and solvent consumption. The parameters, including pH, acetonitrile ratio, and flow rate, were selected as independent factors. The responses analyzed were resolution and tailing of peaks. The separation was achieved through isocratic elution on C8 column with mobile phase made up of acetonitrile: 0.3% triethylamine of pH 5 (60:40 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1 and detection at 216 nm. The elution time was less than 6 min. The approach was fully validated in accordance with International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Good linearity was achieved over the concentration ranges of 1.0–30 and 0.5–10 µg mL−1 with limits of detection of 0.310 and 0.158 µg mL−1 and limits of quantification of 0.940 and 0.479 µg mL−1 for CTZ and AZE, respectively, with correlation coefficients of 0.9998. The intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 2%. The good sensitivity of the approach permits the analysis of CTZ and AZE in spiked aqueous humor with mean percentage recoveries of 100.93 ± 1.42 and 100.11 ± 1.55, respectively. The statistical comparison between results of the developed method and the comparison method revealed no differences, indicating the accuracy of the method.

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Section: Analysis Of Ctz/aze In Laboratory Prepared Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial design-assisted reverse phase HPLC–UV approach for the concurrent estimation of cetirizine and azelastine in aqueous humor

Abd-AlGhafar

Aly

Sheribah

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, the method selectivity was achieved by the estimation of the studied drugs in aqueous humor. The prepared artificial aqueous humor composed of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride dihydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, dextrose, glutathione disulfide, hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide and water for injection [ 41 ]. None of these components interfered with the analysis of the two compounds as proved by the high percentage recoveries and the small values of SD for CTZ and AZE assay in aqueous humor (Table 6 and Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial aqueous humor was prepared in the lab to simulate the natural one of that of the human [ 41 ]. In 10 mL calibrated flasks, one milliliter of the artificial aqueous humor was transferred.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous Fluorescence as a Green and Selective Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Cetirizine and Azelastine in Aqueous Humor

et al. 2022

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A green, simple, quick and economical method is implemented for the first time for the simultaneous estimation of cetirizine (CTZ) and azelastine (AZE) as co-administered eye drops. The method relies on synchronous spectrofluorimetry with ∆λ = 60 nm. Cetirizine can be estimated at 231 nm and AZE can be measured at 294 nm, each at the other’s zero crossing point. All factors affecting the method were studied and properly optimized. Good correlation was obtained in the range of 0.1–2 µg mL−1 for both drugs. The limits of detection were 0.014 and 0.010 µg mL−1 and limits of quantitation were 0.043 and 0.029 µg mL−1 for CTZ and AZE, respectively. Moreover, ICH guidelines were carried out to validate the adopted method. The method was suitable for the analysis of CTZ and AZE in synthetic mixtures, eye drops and aqueous humor. The mean percentage of recoveries of CTZ and AZE in spiked aqueous humor were 99.83 and 99.37, respectively. Furthermore, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and analytical Eco-scale approaches were used to evaluate the greenness of the suggested method.

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“…In vitro release studies were evaluated in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4), simulated tear fluids (STF, pH 7.4) [21], and simulated aqueous fluids (SAF, pH 7.4) [22] using a dialysis tube with a molecular weight cut-off of 8000-14,000. Two millilitres of the formulation was placed into a dialysis tube and immersed in 25 ml of release media maintained at 34.5 C in a shaking water bath (100 rpm).…”

Section: In Vitro Drug-release Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of 2-HP-β-cyclodextrin-PLGA nanoparticle complexes for potential use as ocular drug delivery vehicles

Wen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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Aim: 2-HP-b-cyclodextrin-PLGA nanoparticle complexes were prepared to enhance the aqueous humour delivery of Triamcinolone acetonide. Materials & methods: Drug-loaded 2-HP-b-CD/PLGA nanoparticle complexes prepared by adapting a quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. In vitro drug release, in vitro transcorneal permeation study, histopathological study and in vivo transcorneal penetration of PLGA nanoparticles and 2-HP-b-CD/PLGA nanoparticle complexes were evaluated. Results: Particle size distributions of 2-HP-b-CD/PLGA nanoparticle complexes were 149.4 ± 3.7 nm and presented stable system. Corneal penetration studies revealed steady sustained drug release (Firstorder); 2-HP-b-CD/PLGA nanoparticle complexes increased ocular bioavailability by increasing dispersion in the tear film and improving drug release. Conclusion: 2-HP-b-CD/PLGA nanoparticle complex formulation is a promising alternative to conventional eye drops.

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An Artificial Aqueous Humor as a Standard Matrix to Assess Drug Concentration in the Anterior Chamber by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Factorial design-assisted reverse phase HPLC–UV approach for the concurrent estimation of cetirizine and azelastine in aqueous humor

Factorial design-assisted reverse phase HPLC–UV approach for the concurrent estimation of cetirizine and azelastine in aqueous humor

Synchronous Fluorescence as a Green and Selective Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Cetirizine and Azelastine in Aqueous Humor

Characterisation of 2-HP-β-cyclodextrin-PLGA nanoparticle complexes for potential use as ocular drug delivery vehicles

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