An assessment for diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for management of pediatric Iron defficiency Anemia in Saudi Arabia: a crossectional study

Sulayyim, Hadi J. Al; Omari, Ali Al; Badri, Motasim

doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1704-3

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Several studies have shown the role of healthcare specialists in the management of many chronic diseases [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Pharmacists have demonstrated a good impact on the management of different diseases such as diabetes [ 13 ], hypertension [ 14 ], and asthma [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Their Role in Provision of Anemia Management in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia, and the Associated Barriers

Madkhali

Alzahrani

2022

Healthcare

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Background: As a result of the lack of research exploring community pharmacists’ perspectives on anemia care, this study examined the perceived practices and barriers to anemia management services in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to community pharmacists to validate pharmacist perceptions of their role in anemia care. Using an 11-item role test, pharmacists were asked about their perceptions of anemia management. Pharmacy anemia management barriers were explored using 20 items, and their perceptions of inter-professional contact were examined by two items. Data analyses were performed using SPSS version 22. Results: This research involved 324 community pharmacists, 62.3% of whom were males. There were significant differences between the location of pharmacy education and the perceived practice of anemia management. The most common barriers to anemia counseling were patients’ lack of knowledge about anemia, health beliefs, patients’ perceptions that their doctor takes care of them, and time constraints. The majority of respondents said they would like to have more contact with other healthcare professionals regarding the care of anemia patients. Conclusions: A positive perception of pharmacists’ role in anemia management is prevalent among Saudi pharmacists in the Jazan region. Anemia management is challenging due to time limitations and patient-related problems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Their Role in Provision of Anemia Management in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia, and the Associated Barriers

Madkhali

Alzahrani

2022

Healthcare

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“…In many developing countries, anemia has reached the level of an epidemic [3]. It is reported that half of the cases of anemia are due to iron de ciency, which is the most common micronutrient deciency [4,5]. Along with nutritional de ciencies, malaria, parasitic infections, blood loss, hemoglobinopathies, and bone marrow suppression or replacement are common etiologies [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia Burden among Hospital Attendees in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Arbaeen

Iqbal

2022

Anemia

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Background. Anemia is a major health problem in Saudi Arabia and has multiple etiologies. Many studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia in specific population groups like school children, adolescents, university students, and females in the reproductive age group, and most have reported high prevalence of anemia. This study was conducted in a specialist hospital in Makkah city and includes all outpatients aged 15 years and above. Objective. To study the burden of anemia among hospital attendees, its stratification based on gender and age, and its severity along with the morphological types of anemia. Methods. This is a study conducted at a specialist hospital in Makkah city and one-month data were collected retrospectively from the laboratory database and include demographic and routine hematological results of complete blood count (CBC). Results. A total of 21,524 patients were included, out of which 9444 (43.9%) were males and 12020 (56.1%) were females. The overall prevalence of anemia was 38.7% (8339). Prevalence was very high in females, accounting for 68.2% (5689), whereas it was 31.8% (2650) in males. There were 39.6% (3301), 43.9% (3657), and 16.6% (1381) cases of mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. In females, anemia was more prevalent in the age group of 15 to 49, which is considered as the reproductive age group. Microcytic anemia was the most prevalent type observed in this age group, accounting for 40.7% of all anemia cases. Normocytic anemia was more prevalent in the males, accounting for 52%. Conclusion. Our study showed high prevalence of anemia among the patients attending outpatient departments in a specialist hospital. Females have high prevalence of anemia when compared to male population. Microcytic anemia was the most common anemia type among females and was seen in the 15–49 age group. There is an increase in prevalence of anemia with age for males, whereas, in females, increased prevalence is observed in the reproductive age groups and the anemia prevalence maintained a steady decrease towards the 5th to the 9th decades. Normocytic anemia was more prevalent in the 5th to the 9th decades, indicating that there are more etiologies other than iron deficiency in the causation of anemia. Macrocytic anemia was the least reported anemia type. Anemia of mild and moderate severity was predominant in both genders, although severe anemia showed higher prevalence in females as compared to males. Conclusion. Anemia is highly prevalent in adolescents, adults, and the elderly in Makkah region. The most common cause is thought to be iron deficiency, although other causes are not uncommon. The authorities need to address the problem of prevention and reduction in anemia prevalence by taking effective measures and interventions.

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“…Because the daily dose range is significant, randomized trials have been conducted in some countries and it has been shown that treatment with low doses of oral iron can be as effective as high doses. In addition, in the groups with the lowest doses, the frequency of side effects was much lower [2].…”

Section: Results Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Scientific reviews. Principles of diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children

Korol¹,

Khromykh²,

Rudenko³

et al. 2021

Rep. of Vinnytsia Nation. Med. Univ.

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Annotation.In Europe, the overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is 2-4%, with two peaks: young children (2.3-15%) and adolescents (3.5-13% – in boys, 11-33% – in girls). Iron deficiency occurs earlier than anemia, which is characterized by a decrease in the size and iron saturation of erythrocytes, and they become microcytic and hypochromic. Therefore, anemia can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment of latent iron deficiency. The aim of the work was to analyze and systematize the main problematic issues of diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children. To conduct the study, we analyzed databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, etc., referring to the vast majority of publications from the last five years (2016-2021), in addition to three articles published in 2012 and 2014. The main criteria for selecting sources were: the availability of the latest methods for the diagnosis of anemia, modern methods of treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children. Analysis of the identified literature sources showed that iron deficiency in the laboratory and clinically can manifest itself at different stages. Negative iron balance, which persists after a decrease in iron stores, is manifested by a decrease in hemoglobin and the development of anemia. A decrease in the number of erythrocytes or the level of hemoglobin (Hb) by 5 percentile below the normal value of hemoglobin, determined for a given age in healthy people, is called anemia. Routine screening for iron deficiency should be performed in children aged 6 to 24 months. Screening consists of identifying risk factors and laboratory testing if available. Determination of serum ferritin during the first screening is the main diagnostic tool in children with risk factors for iron deficiency and signs of anemia. Ferritin levels should always be carefully evaluated, as ferritin is nonspecifically elevated in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Other screening tests, such as reticulocyte levels, iron transferrin saturation, and serum iron-binding capacity, are performed to confirm the diagnosis. The choice and route of administration of iron requires consideration of the cause that led to its deficiency, the severity of symptoms and condition of the patient, the probable and desired rate of hematological response, risks and complications of treatment, availability of resources and preferences of the patient. Oral iron remains a priority for the treatment of children with iron deficiency anemia, but it is necessary to consider situations where first-line therapy will be administered by intravenous means. Thus, based on the analysis of the literature, we can conclude that iron deficiency anemia remains an urgent medical and social problem today. Children with iron deficiency anemia develop cognitive impairment that does not fully recover even after treatment. Therefore, further research aimed at improving methods of prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in different age groups of children should be promising.

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An assessment for diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for management of pediatric Iron defficiency Anemia in Saudi Arabia: a crossectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Community Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Their Role in Provision of Anemia Management in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia, and the Associated Barriers

Community Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Their Role in Provision of Anemia Management in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia, and the Associated Barriers

Anemia Burden among Hospital Attendees in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Scientific reviews. Principles of diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children

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