An assessment of the fate, behaviour and environmental risk associated with sunscreen TiO2 nanoparticles in UK field scenarios

Johnson, Andrew C.; Bowes, Michael J.; Crossley, Alison; Jarvie, Helen P.; Jurkschat, Kerstin; Jürgens, Monika D.; Lawlor, Alan; Park, Barry; Rowland, Phillip; Spurgeon, David J.; Svendsen, Claus; Thompson, Ian P.; Barnes, Robert J.; Williams, Richard J.; Xu, Nan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.040

Cited by 153 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This release of metal-based NPs into domestic and industrial wastewaters upstream of treatment is believed to result in the most significant input of NPs into the environment, via treated wastewater effluent and sewage sludge [27]. Experimental data show that up to 99% of TiO 2 NPs entering WWTPs are retained within the sludge phase, thus ending up in the terrestrial rather than the aquatic environment [28]. The main input of NPs to soils is believed to be attributable to land application of sewage sludge [25,28,29].…”

Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental data show that up to 99% of TiO 2 NPs entering WWTPs are retained within the sludge phase, thus ending up in the terrestrial rather than the aquatic environment [28]. The main input of NPs to soils is believed to be attributable to land application of sewage sludge [25,28,29]. Nanoparticles are unlikely to enter the soil in their original form, however, because of the organically rich and reactive environments of WWTPs [30].…”

Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite our knowledge of potential environmental release pathways, little information is available about the quantities of NPs currently produced, let alone those reaching the environment [28,29]. Some authors have estimated expected levels of NPs in the environment using various fate models.…”

Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the use of sewage sludge could contribute to inputs of 1 mg/kg 3 and 120 mg/kg 3 of Ag and TiO 2 NPs to agricultural land per year, respectively [25]. Regarding Ag, logically the quantity of NPs produced will be the main factor determining the concentrations found in all environmental compartments, because natural background levels of Ag can be considered very low [28,29]. Other metals, however, occur naturally in greater concentrations.…”

Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, abundances of TiO 2 in a dataset of 845 topsoils from across Europe ranged from 0.02 to 5.5% [32]. Whereas accurate production estimates are presently difficult to make, TiO 2 and ZnO NPs should be the most common particles in the environment because of their largescale production [28,29].…”

Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal‐based nanoparticles in soil: Fate, behavior, and effects on soil invertebrates

Tourinho

Gestel²,

Lofts

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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401

229

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Abstract-Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g., silver, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, iron oxide) are being widely used in the nanotechnology industry. Because of the release of particles from NP-containing products, it is likely that NPs will enter the soil compartment, especially through land application of sewage sludge derived from wastewater treatment. This review presents an overview of the literature dealing with the fate and effects of metal-based NPs in soil. In the environment, the characteristics of NPs (e.g., size, shape, surface charge) and soil (e.g., pH, ionic strength, organic matter, and clay content) will affect physical and chemical processes, resulting in NP dissolution, agglomeration, and aggregation. The behavior of NPs in soil will control their mobility and their bioavailability to soil organisms. Consequently, exposure characterization in ecotoxicological studies should obtain as much information as possible about dissolution, agglomeration, and aggregation processes. Comparing existing studies is a challenging task, because no standards exist for toxicity tests with NPs. In many cases, the reporting of associated characterization data is sparse, or missing, making it impossible to interpret and explain observed differences in results among studies. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.

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Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources Of Metal-based Nps In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Metal‐based nanoparticles in soil: Fate, behavior, and effects on soil invertebrates

Tourinho

Gestel²,

Lofts

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

401

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Nanoparticles: Environmental Fate and Transport

Römer

Pettitt

Lead

2012

Encyclopedia of Environmetrics

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Nanomaterials (NMs) are usually defined as those particles that have at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm in size. The unusual properties of NMs and our ability to manipulate matter at this spatial scale have accelerated growth in the production of nanoscale materials and the rapid increase of their applications in many areas has captured the attention of researchers, government, and industry worldwide. Study of their fate and impact in the environment is becoming important due to the large discharges to the environment and the potentially novel toxicities associate with NMs. Two of the most widely used metal and metal oxides in consumer products are silver (Ag) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), both TiO 2 and Ag NMs will be discussed as exemplars of general NM fate and behavior processes. Understanding the NM environmental fate and behavior such as their environmental distributions and concentration, pathways, sinks are critical in determining environemntal exposure and risk. The precise fate of NMs is uncertain because of the complexity of (i) types NMs and (ii) different environmental systems

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