An assessment of water quality parameters and survival of indicator in pilgrimage place of Velankanni, Tamil Nadu, India

Spatial Variations of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria in Relation to Physicochemical Parameters along the Coastal Waters of Thoothukudi (India)

“…Shrinithivihahshini et al . (2014), Mandac and Faganeli (2015), and Viji and Shirinithivihahshini (2017) suggested that a high level of TSS in the environment was the main detrimental effect, which decreases the plankton community and nitrification value, increases the oxygen demand, and promotes the propagation of pathogens in the coastal environment.…”

A Forecast Visual Observation of the Anthropogenic Impact on the Pilgrimage Places Along the Southeast Coast of Tamil Nadu, India

“…Inadequate pasteurization process of raw milk offering was >100 cfu/ml of coliform bacteria and a mixture of the organic load may deplete the oxygen level (<5 mg/l) in seawater pushing to intolerant of depressed oxygen will either die or try to avoid the most of the coastal organisms and increased the mortality rates in coastal ecosystem ( [25,26,27,28,29]. The mass level of holy bathing was exceeded the standard permissible limit (SPL) indicator levels of the heterotrophic bacteria (>61 cfu/ml -3 ) (SPL 100 cfu/ml), total coliform bacteria (>57 cfu/ml -2 ) (SPL <100 cfu/100) and total Enterococcus bacteria (>41 cfu/ml -2 ) (SPL 100 CFU/100 mL) in seawater [3,26,30]. Idol immersion increased the heavy metal concentration Cr 0.05 mg/l (SPL 0.1 mg/l), Pb 0.45 mg/l (SPL 0.01 mg/l), Ni 0.17 mg/l (SPL 3 mg/l), Hg 0.78 mg/l (SPL 0.01 mg/l), As 0.5 mg/l (SPL 0.02 mg/l), Si 3.82 mg/l, 0 .35 mg/l, Mg 10.0 mg/l and Ca 68.4 mg/l (SPL 75 mg/l), causing serious adverse effects in coastal organisms and affects human health [23,31,32,33,34].…”

“…Festivals are an integral part of the human life, and unregulated religious festivals by generating degradable and non-degradable waste materials, vigorously affect the environmental qualities and reduce the biological diversities in the foremost pilgrimage places of the coastal ecosystems [1,2,3]. Untreated wastewaters contain a vast amount of toxic chemicals and pathogens that decreases the quality of the entire coastal marine ecosystems [4,5].…”

“…In India, a wide range of anthropogenic activities leads to deterioration of the coastal quality and a decrease of the biological resources in the coastal marine ecosystems [11]. People performing different types of ritual ceremonies at pilgrimage places and the rapid development of residential and commercial activities have major deleterious effects on the coastal marine ecosystem [3,12,13]. A number of the authors were reported the seawater and sediment quality in India, but very few authors reported the devotees causing unregulated ritual activities impact in the coastal ecosystem [14,15,16,17].…”