An automated on-line method for simultaneous analysis of phenothiazines in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry using backflush column switching

Abstract

An automated on-line method for simul taneous analysis of fi ve phenothiazine drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry (SSI-MS) has been established, using backfl ush column switching. A 400-µl portion of serum sample diluted 81-fold with distilled water was subjected to the on-line system. In the system, an Oasis HLB cartridge was used as the precolumn for extraction; large molecules such as proteins in serum were discarded by use of distilled water containing 0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase. After switching a valve, the analytes trapped in the precolumn were eluted in the backfl ush mode and separated by a Chromolith Performance RP18e column, which is composed of C 18 -bonded monolithic silica. The column effl uents were then introduced into the SSI-MS. The present method provided successful separation and determination of six phenothiazines including an internal standard. Satisfactory linearities, reproducibility, and sensitivity were obtained at concentration levels that matched the toxic levels of phenothiazines. All drug peaks appeared within 18 min, and the system could be reequilibrated in only about 8 min for the next run. Because of the simplicity and rapidness of the method, it is likely to be useful in the fi elds of emergency medicine and forensic toxicology.

A simple and reliable stir bar sorptive extraction‐liquid chromatography procedure for the determination of chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine in human serum using experimental design methodology

“…The LODs for the optimized method were also measured, based on a S/N greater than 3. It was found that LODs between 0.7 and 1.5 ng/mL for CPZ and TFP, respectively, comparable to those values reported by other authors 9, for which there were no carryover or interferences, were detected from blank assays.…”

“…In these methods, the sample pretreatments such as liquid–liquid extraction, solid‐phase extraction and protein precipitation are usually required to remove proteins and other impurities contained in biological matrices. These methods including time and solvent consuming multistep sample pretreatments are unsuitable in the field of emergency medicine, which demands rapid and sensitive detection 9. Among the new preconcentration procedures found in the recent literature, the use of microsorption techniques such as solid phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction 10, 11 shows an increasing demand.…”

Determination of phenothiazine derivatives in human urine by using ionic liquid-based dynamic liquid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography

“…Phenothiazine derivatives are a group of basic substances which have been widely used as antipsychotic, antiparkinsonian, and antihistaminic drugs [1]. Biochemically, they are antagonists of dopamine receptors whose action mechanism is based on the blockade of nervous impulses from the central nervous system.…”

Analytical review of Prochlorperazine side effects and acute poisonings

“…Так, відповідно до даних джерел для визначення та оцінки прохлороперазину у формі субстанції та лікарських форм авторами використано ряд аналітичних методів для ідентифікації та кількісного визначення при проведенні фармацевтичного аналізу, вивчення фармакокінетики, дослідження біоеквівалентності. Зокрема, гравіметричний [35], спектрофотометричний [35,36], ТШХ [37], ВЕРХ [38][39][40][41], кондуктометричний [42], вольтамперометричний [43], капілярний електрофорез [44], РХ-MС методи [45,46].…”