An easterly tip jet off Cape Farewell, Greenland. II: Simulations and dynamics

Outten, Stephen; Renfrew, Ian A.; Petersen, Guðrún Nína

doi:10.1002/qj.531

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The first in situ observations of a tip jet off Cape Farewell, Greenland documented near-surface winds of over 35 m s −1 and peak jet winds of almost 50 m s −1 (Renfrew et al, 2009a), while a dynamical analysis of these events showed their characteristic curve around the "tip" was associated with a collapse in the cross-jet pressure gradient as the barrier decreases in height (Outten et al, 2009(Outten et al, , 2010. Tip jets are also found off Svalbard (e.g.…”

Section: Coastal and Fjordic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The Arctic climate system includes numerous highly interactive small-scale physical processes in the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. During and since the International Polar Year 2007-2009, significant advances have been made in understanding these processes. Here, these recent advances are reviewed, synthesized, and discussed. In atmospheric physics, the primary advances have been in cloud physics, radiative transfer, mesoscale cyclones, coastal, and fjordic processes as well as in boundary layer processes and surface fluxes. In sea ice and its snow cover, advances have been made in understanding of the surface albedo and its relationships with snow properties, the internal structure of sea ice, the heat and salt transfer in ice, the formation of superimposed ice and snow ice, and the small-scale dynamics of sea ice. For the ocean, significant advances have been related to exchange processes at the ice-ocean interface, diapycnal mixing, double-diffusive convection, tidal currents and diurnal resonance. Despite this recent progress, some of these small-scale physical processes are still not sufficiently understood: these include wave-turbulence interactions in the atmosphere and ocean, the exchange of heat and salt at the ice-ocean interface, and the mechanical weakening of sea ice. Many other processes are reasonably well understood as stand-alone processes but the challenge is to understand their interactions with and impacts and feedbacks on other processes. Uncertainty in the parameterization of small-scale processes continues to be among the greatest challenges facing climate modelling, particularly in high latitudes. Further improvements in parameterization require new year-round field campaigns on the Arctic sea ice, closely combined with satellite remote sensing studies and numerical model experiments.

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Section: Coastal and Fjordic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review

et al. 2014

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“…These include easterly and westerly tip jets (Doyle and Shapiro 1999;V age et al 2009;Moore and Renfrew 2005;Renfrew et al 2009a;Outten et al 2009) and barrier flows (Moore and Renfrew 2005;Petersen et al 2009;Harden et al 2011;Harden and Renfrew 2012;Moore et al 2013) that result from the interaction of different synoptic situations with the Greenland topography (Moore 2003;Putnins 1970;Loewe 1972;Moore 2012). Tip jets are associated with large wind speeds around the southern tip of Greenland, whereas barrier winds are associated with large wind speeds at several locations along the east coast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Downslope Wind Events in Ammassalik, Southeast Greenland

et al. 2014

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Ammassalik in southeast Greenland is known for strong wind events that can reach hurricane intensity and cause severe destruction in the local town. Yet, these winds and their impact on the nearby fjord and shelf region have not been studied in detail.Here, data from two meteorological stations and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) are used to identify and characterize these strong downslope wind events, which are especially pronounced at a major east Greenland fjord, Sermilik Fjord, within Ammassalik. Their local and regional characteristics, their dynamics and their impacts on the regional sea ice cover, and air-sea fluxes are described. Based on a composite of the events it is concluded that wind events last for approximately a day, and seven to eight events occur each winter. Downslope wind events are associated with a deep synoptic-scale cyclone between Iceland and Greenland. During the events, cold dry air is advected down the ice sheet. The downslope flow is accelerated by gravitational acceleration, flow convergence inside the Ammassalik valley, and near the coast by an additional thermal and synoptic-scale pressure gradient acceleration. Wind events are associated with a large buoyancy loss over the Irminger Sea, and it is estimated that they drive one-fifth of the net wintertime loss. Also, the extreme winds drive sea ice out of the fjord and away from the shelf.

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“…Renfrew et al (2008) provides an overview of GFDex; while other papers within this special issue focus on a number of related topics. In Part I of this study a detailed analysis of the aircraft observations is presented; while in Part II results from numerical simulations are presented and validated before a thorough dynamical analysis is carried out (Outten et al, 2009, hereafter referred to as Part II).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An easterly tip jet off Cape Farewell, Greenland. I: Aircraft observations

Renfrew

Outten

Moore

2009

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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An easterly tip jet event off Cape Farewell, Greenland, is described and analysed in considerable detail. In Part I of this study (this paper) comprehensive aircraft-based observations are described, while in Part II of this study numerical simulations and a dynamical analysis are presented. The easterly tip jet of 21 February 2007 took place during the Greenland Flow Distortion experiment. It resulted through the interaction of a barotropic synoptic-scale low pressure system in the central North Atlantic and the high topography of southern Greenland. In situ observations reveal a jet core at the coast with peak winds of almost 50 m s −1 , about 600-800 m above the sea surface, and of 30 m s −1 at 10 m. The depth of the jet increased with wind speed from ∼1500 m to ∼2500 m as the peak winds increased from 30 to 50 m s −1 . The jet accelerated and curved anticyclonically as it reached Cape Farewell and the end of the barrier. The easterly tip jet was associated with a tongue of cold and dry air along the coast of southeast Greenland, general cloud cover to the east, and cloud streets to the south of Cape Farewell. Precipitation was observed during the low-level components of the flight. The very high wind speeds generated a highly turbulent atmospheric boundary layer and resulted in some of the highest surface wind stresses ever observed over the ocean.

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An easterly tip jet off Cape Farewell, Greenland. II: Simulations and dynamics

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review

Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review

Strong Downslope Wind Events in Ammassalik, Southeast Greenland

An easterly tip jet off Cape Farewell, Greenland. I: Aircraft observations

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