An ECG simulator with a novel ECG profile for physiological signals

Abstract

This work introduces a low-cost open-source electrocardiography (ECG) simulator comprising both MATLAB software for signal generation and a dedicated circuit board for signal output via a commercial sound card. Synthetic, rate-dependent ECG simulation is based on third-order polynomials that are calculated in sections for the main waves and spikes, respectively. Besides the heart rate, the output profile is fully adjustable with respect to Einthoven lead signals I-III, the amplitudes of the individual ECG waves and spikes, as well as the constitution and intensity of common distortions. The underlying coefficients for the synthetic ECG profile are obtained experimentally by analysing recordings of 22 healthy individuals with heart rates in the range of 40-180 bpm. Eight of these recordings are selected to determine the coefficients for the polynomials (training set) while the remaining 14 serve as test set to evaluate their applicability and accuracy. Thereby, a mean correlation of 98.57% is found which is superior in comparison with a widely accepted rate-dependent ECG profile that is generated from square root and linear terms (correlation score: 91.46%). Although other use-cases are feasible, the focus of this work is the development of an ECG simulator for academic research and university education. Both the MATLAB source code and the circuit layout files are available in the online supplement stimulating further work on this topic.

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“…From the data, the distance between the first peak to the second peak is 1 second. It can be concluded that at the 60 th second, the peak point is 60, so the ppm value is 60 beats per minute [29]- [31]. In Figure 6 the distance between the first peak to the second peak is 0.75 seconds and so on is 0.66, 0.33, 0.35, and at the last peak is 0.35 (seconds).…”

“…It can be concluded that in seconds-to-seconds experience irregularities. While in Figures 5 and 6 from the peak point to the next peak of 1 minute (60 seconds), which is under normal heart rate conditions [29]- [31].…”

An Artificial Heart System for Testing and Evaluation of Cardiac Pacemakers

“…The further important area is testing of various signal processing techniques. In this context, we can test effectivity and robustness of signal processing methods via different simulated conditions, and consequently compare the results with the real ECG signals [36][37][38]. Lastly, the synthetic signals represent a significant area, frequently discussed in the research community, which enable create testing system for the cardiac pacemakers.…”

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“…Normalmente, el monitoreo de la frecuencia cardiaca se lleva a cabo en condiciones específicas del paciente: durante el reposo, en actividad física y en el sueño. Lo anterior, sumado a otras variables vitales y sintomatologías, permiten al médico hacer un diagnóstico de la salud del paciente [9]. La frecuencia cardiaca es uno de los signos vitales de mayor relevancia para los médicos, puesto que esta se ve afectada por diversos estímulos externos e internos al paciente.…”