An economic analysis of women's dependence on forest resources in the rain forest communities of southern Nigeria

Socioeconomic factors affecting non-timber forest product collection in the Komi Republic, Russia.

“…These factors affect who gathers, what, and why they gather. Some of the socioeconomic factors encountered in the NTFP literature are: gender (e.g., Bisong and Ajake, 2001;, age (e.g., Arnold and Ruiz-Perez, 2001;Anderson et al, 2003), educational level (e.g., Egbule and Omolola, 2005;Anderson et al, 2003), occupational type (e.g., Bisong and Ajake, 2000;Anderson et al, 2003), household size (e.g., Quang and Anh, 2006;Svarrer and Olsen, 2005), income level (e.g., Godoy et al 1995;Anderson et al, 2003), ethnicity (e.g., Narendran et al, 2001;Anderson et al, 2003), rural versus urban lifestyle, product prices, market demand, culture and tradition (e.g., Thoan, 2004), debt level, distance to forest (e.g., Gunatilake, 1998), and forest policy (e.g., Pandit and Thapa, 2003).…”

“…For example, Bisong and Ajake (2000) wrote that Sarin (1995) and the Tropical Forest Action Plan of 1990 confirmed fuel wood as the main source of livelihood for the rural women in south-west Bengal. They went on to cite that in Addis Ababa, Rodda (1991) estimated that 73,000 women and children were involved in the collection and sales of fuel wood in the cities.…”

“…They went on to cite that in Addis Ababa, Rodda (1991) estimated that 73,000 women and children were involved in the collection and sales of fuel wood in the cities. The Yoruba women of south-western Nigeria, on the other hand, supplement their formal employment earnings with money they make through the processing of palm oil (Cashman, 1987 in Bisong andAjake, 2000). In south-eastern Nigeria, processing and marketing of some non-timber forest products such as kola nuts, chewing sticks, bush mangoes and palm oil are dominated by rural women who are using NTFPs as a 22 means of earning income (Bisong and Ajake, 2000).…”

“…The Yoruba women of south-western Nigeria, on the other hand, supplement their formal employment earnings with money they make through the processing of palm oil (Cashman, 1987 in Bisong andAjake, 2000). In south-eastern Nigeria, processing and marketing of some non-timber forest products such as kola nuts, chewing sticks, bush mangoes and palm oil are dominated by rural women who are using NTFPs as a 22 means of earning income (Bisong and Ajake, 2000). Egbule and Omolola (2005) had similar findings and noted that in southern Nigeria, in general, it is the women and girls who collect NTFPs.…”

“…Based on the literature, agriculture is a common occupation among NTFP gatherers in places like south-eastern Nigeria (Bisong and Ajake, 2000), southern Cameroon (Brown and Lapuyade, 2001), the Brazilian Amazon (Pattanayak and Sills, 2001) and Sri Lanka (Gopalakrishnan et al, 2005). In the Peruvian Amazon, people make their living using a mix of swidden fallow agroforestry, fishing and hunting (Coomes, 2004).…”