An effect of spatial–temporal association of response codes: Understanding the cognitive representations of time

Vallesi, Antonino; Binns, Malcolm A.; Shallice, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.10.011

Cited by 185 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In particular, this evidence is in line with previous findings regarding the STEARC effect, i.e. , the association of short durations with left space, and of long durations with right space (Bono et al, 2012;Casasanto & Boroditsky, 2008;Fabbri et al, 2012;Fabbri et al, 2013;Ishihara et al, 2008;Vallesi et al, 2008;Vallesi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We will call this hypothesis "order prediction" from now on. The magnitude prediction hypothesis is supported by a large number of studies investigating the STEARC effect (i.e., SpatialTemporal Association of Response Codes), that revealed a spatial-temporal association with short durations linked to the left space and long durations linked to the right space (Bonato, Zorzi & Umiltà, 2012;Bono, Grazia, Casarotti, Priftis, Gava, Umiltà & Zorzi, 2012;Casasanto & Boroditsky, 2008;Fabbri, Cancellieri & Natale, 2012;Fabbri, Cellini, Martoni, Tonetti & Natale, 2013;Ishihara, Keller, Rossetti & Prinz, 2008;Vallesi et al, 2008;Vallesi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Figure 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 91%

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Separate mechanisms for magnitude and order processing in the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect: The strange case of musical note values.

Prpic

Fumarola

Tommaso

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The SNARC effect is considered an evidence of the association between numbers and space, with faster left key-press responses to small numbers and faster right key-press responses to large numbers. We examined whether visually presented note values produce a SNARClike effect. Differently from numbers, note values are represented as a decreasing left-toright progression, allowing us to disambiguate the contribution of order and magnitude in determining the direction of the effect. Musicians with formal education performed a note value comparison in Experiment 1 (direct task), a line orientation judgment in Experiment 2 (indirect task), and a detection task in Experiment 3 (indirect task). When note values were task relevant (direct task), participants responded faster to large note values with the left key-press, and vice versa. Conversely, when note values were task irrelevant (indirect tasks), the direction of this association was reversed. This evidence suggests the existence of separate mechanisms underlying the SNARC effect. Namely, an Order-Related Mechanism (ORM) and a Magnitude-Related Mechanism (MRM), that are revealed by different task demands. Indeed, according to a new model we proposed, ordinal and magnitude related information seem to be preferentially involved in direct and indirect tasks, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Figure 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 91%

Separate mechanisms for magnitude and order processing in the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect: The strange case of musical note values.

Prpic

Fumarola

Tommaso

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…crossed hands condition (Vallesi, et al, 2008). However, this earlier study concerned a different aspect of time: duration (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Space and time in the sighted and blind

et al. 2015

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“…Polarity differences have often been discussed as an alternative explanation for metaphor congruency effects (e.g., Pecher, Van Dantzig, Boot, Zanolie, & Huber, 2010;Schubert, 2005;Ulrich & Maienborn, 2010;Vallesi et al, 2008;Van Dantzig, Zeelenberg, & Pecher, 2009;Weger & Pratt, 2008), but whether polarity differences can explain previously observed metaphor congruency effects has never been examined. Given that most studies have examined how concepts are structured in vertical space (see Landau, Meier, & Keefer, 2010), this article examines the mechanisms through which the vertical position of stimuli influence the speed with which abstract bi-polar concepts are categorized.…”

Section: Polarity Differences Vs Interference Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarity correspondence in metaphor congruency effects: Structural overlap predicts categorization times for bipolar concepts presented in vertical space.

Lakens¹

2012

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

100

143

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Previous research has shown that words presented on metaphor congruent locations (e.g., positive words UP on the screen and negative words DOWN on the screen) are categorized faster than words presented on metaphor incongruent stimuli (e.g., positive words DOWN and negative words UP). These findings have been explained in terms of an interference effect:The meaning associated with UP and DOWN vertical space can automatically interfere with the categorization of words with a metaphorically incongruent meaning. The current studies test an alternative explanation for the interaction between the vertical position of abstract concepts and the speed with which these stimuli are categorized. Research on polarity differences (basic asymmetries in the way dimensions are processed) predicts that +polar endpoints of dimensions (e.g., positive, moral, UP) are categorized faster than -polar endpoints of dimensions (e.g., negative, immoral, DOWN). Furthermore, the polarity correspondence principle predicts that stimuli where polarities correspond (e.g., positive words presented UP) provide an additional processing benefit compared to stimuli where polarities do not correspond (e.g., negative words presented UP). A meta-analysis (Study 1) shows that a polarity account provides a better explanation of reaction times patterns in previous studies than an interference explanation. An experiment (Study 2) reveals that controlling for the polarity benefit of +polar words compared to -polar words did not only remove the main effect of word polarity, but also the interaction between word meaning and vertical position due to polarity correspondence. These results reveal that metaphor congruency effects should not be interpreted as automatic associations between vertical locations and word meaning, but are more parsimoniously explained by their structural overlap in polarities.

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An effect of spatial–temporal association of response codes: Understanding the cognitive representations of time

Cited by 185 publications

References 50 publications

Separate mechanisms for magnitude and order processing in the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect: The strange case of musical note values.

Separate mechanisms for magnitude and order processing in the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect: The strange case of musical note values.

Space and time in the sighted and blind

Polarity correspondence in metaphor congruency effects: Structural overlap predicts categorization times for bipolar concepts presented in vertical space.

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