An effective pathway for converting carbohydrates to biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural via 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with deep eutectic solvents (DESs)

Development of Betaine‐Based Sustainable Catalysts for Green Conversion of Carbohydrates and Biomass into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

“…ChCl, a low‐cost, biodegradable and safe quaternary ammonium salt, can also be extracted from biomass and can form a deep eutectic solvent (DES) system if combined with hydrogen donors such as carboxylic acids, alcohols and hexoses . Therefore, ChCl‐based DES systems such as ChCl/oxalic acid, ChCl/citric acid, ChCl/fructose and ChCl/glucose, which are increasingly studied, consume significant amounts of ChCl. In an attempt to further enhance the HMF yield, we investigated the dehydration of fructose in a ChCl aqueous solution (CAS), which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously applied for the valorization of biomass (Figure ).…”

Recent progress in the development of advanced biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

“…At present, there are few reports about the synthesis of EMF in the DESs system. The author's group [95] designed a novel DES system for the preparation of EMF by one-pot two-step method. Dehydration of carbohydrates to HMF was first conducted in the DESs system and then the generated HMF was extracted in situ into methyl cyanide (MeCN).…”

Efficient synthesis of niobium pentoxide nanowires and application in ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol

“…Catalysts such as acidic resin Amberlyst-15 (ref. 9) and sulfonic acid-modied organic porous silicon materials 10,11 have high alcoholysis reaction efficiency due to sulfate modication on the surface, and the conversion of FA can reach up to 100%. Other catalysts used in alcoholysis include heteropoly acid-MOF materials, 12 molecular sieves, 13,14 multi-layer kaolin, 15 graphenes, 16 and noble metals.…”