An efficient biosorption‐based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction with extractant removal by magnetic nanoparticles for quantification of bisphenol A in water samples by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry detection

Abstract

In this work, a simple, fast, sensitive, and environmentally friendly method was developed for preconcentration and quantitative measurement of bisphenol A in water samples using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The preconcentration approach, namely biosorption‐based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction with extractant removal by magnetic nanoparticles was performed based on the formation of microdroplet of rhamnolipid biosurfactant throughout the aqueous samples, which accelerates the mass transfer process between the extraction solvent and sample solution. The process is then followed by the application of magnetic nanoparticles for easy retrieval of the analyte‐containing extraction solvent. Several important variables were optimized comprehensively including type of disperser solvent and desorption solvent, rhamnolipid concentration, volume of disperser solvent, amount of magnetic nanoparticles, extraction time, desorption time, ionic strength, and sample pH. Under the optimized microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry conditions, the method demonstrated good linearity over the range of 0.5–500 µg/L with a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.9904, low limit of detection (0.15 µg/L) and limit of quantification (0.50 µg/L) of bisphenol A, good analyte recoveries (84–120%) and acceptable relative standard deviation (1.8–14.9%, n = 6). The proposed method was successfully applied to three environmental water samples, and bisphenol A was detected in all samples.

A Review on Tetrabromobisphenol A: Human Biomonitoring, Toxicity, Detection and Treatment in the Environment

“…Over the years, different techniques have been employed to detect TBBPA in a quantitative manner in different matrices. At present, methods such as, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [ 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 ], ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) [ 151 , 166 ], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 167 , 168 , 169 ], and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) [ 161 ] have being employed to detect TBBPA. Even though these methods have the advantage of high sensitivity in terms of identification and quantification, they have certain constraints, such as (i) complex and costly instrumentation, which requires skilled personnel to operate; (ii) they do not support on-site studies; (iii) low throughput, which cannot meet the requirement for samples analyzed in large quantities; and (iv) sophisticated pretreatment processes to sort the analyte from the sample.…”

Fabrication of CuO–NiO Wrapped Cellulose Acetate/Polyaniline Electrospun Nanofibers for Sensitive Monitoring of Bisphenol-A

“…Various conventional analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry, 8 fluorimetry, 9 gas chromatography−mass spectrometry, 10 and flow injection chemiluminescence 11 have been extensively used for monitoring of BPA. Even though these techniques are sensitive and highly selective and have a good detection limit, they require timeconsuming analytical protocols, expensive instrumentation, large sample amount, and more space for installation as well as need professional and skilled workers.…”

A portable visual coffee ring based on carbon dot sensitized lanthanide complex coordination to detect bisphenol A in water

“…There are many traditional methods for BPA detection, such as gas chromatography, 12 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 13 high-performance liquid chromatography, 14 and fluorescence analysis. 15 Many analytical methods for the detection of BPA are seriously restricted because of their tedious operation or high cost of instruments.…”