An Efficient Prediction-and-Shifting Embedding Technique for High Quality Reversible Data Hiding

Abstract

The embedding capacity of a histogram-based reversible data hiding technique is primarily determined by the peak height of the histogram. Recently, some studies have tried to embed data in the histogram of prediction errors by modifying the error values and have better embedding efficiency. However, these methods offer no selective embedment mechanism to exclude the positions where the modification in the embedding operation contributes no capacity but merely degrade the image quality. In this paper, a novel coding method for reversible data hiding is presented. A two-stage prediction algorithm that fully exploits the pixel correlations is employed to create more embeddable spaces, and a selective embedment mechanism is used to enhance the image quality. According to the experimental results, the proposed method achieved the highest payload while maintaining the lowest distortion for most standard test images, comparing to other existing histogram-shifting-based reversible data hiding techniques.

Adaptive local complexity controlled data hiding method considering the human visual sensitivity

“…Similarly, embed 11 13 into pixel pair (2,7), we obtain the stego pixel pair (1,6 . Since the pixel pair (7,3) has the smallest absolute difference and the corre− sponding cover pixel pair is (8,2), we find that an alternative coordinate (10,1) is the nearest to the coordinate (8,2) with DCV 12. Therefore, the pixel pair (8, .…”

“…Suppose the digits to be embedded into B i are 12 13 and 11 13 , respectively, where the subscript denotes the base of the corresponding digits. Embed 12 13 into pixel pair (8,2) using MDE, we obtain the stego pixel pair (7,3). Similarly, embed 11 13 into pixel pair (2,7), we obtain the stego pixel pair (1,6 .…”

“…Most data hiding methods proposed so far embed the same amount of data into each embedding unit [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. These methods do not consider the local complexity of images because each embedding unit carries equal amount of data.…”

Reversible data hiding: Advances in the past two decades

“…For example, by considering only the pixels located in flat image regions while ignoring the noisy ones, an accurate prediction can be made and a more sharply distributed prediction-error histogram can be generated. With this adaptively generated histogram, the performance of PEE can be then enhanced [40], [55], [56]. Adaptive embedding is an important strategy of RDH and a better utilization of this strategy is very helpful for performance enhancement.…”

Reversible data hiding based on an adaptive pixel-embedding strategy and two-layer embedding

“…HS was incorporated into Thodi et al's method so as to efficiently compress the location map. Afterwards, PEE was also developed in several recent studies [16,32,36,33,14,24,10,5,9,22,43,4,20,17,12,40,25].…”