An Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Carbamazepine Determination Based on Trimetallic Au-Ag-Pd Dendritic Nanopatricles, Supramolecular β-cyclodextrin and [bmim] NTF2 Ionic Liquids

Abstract

A novel electrochemical sensor was constructed for sensitive and selective determination of carbamazepine (CBZ). First trimetallic Au core AgPd shell nanoparticles (Au@AgPdNPs) with dendritic morphology were synthesized by a facile method and then the nanocomposite of Au@AgPdNPs, macrocyclic β-cyclodextrin and butyl-3-metylimidazolium bis (trifluorometylsulfonyl) imide ionic liquid was prepared to modify a glassy carbon electrode. The formation of Au@AgPdNPs was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The surface morphology of the modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical methods including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were used to study the electrochemical behavior of CBZ. The effect of several relevant operating parameters was investigated and optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calibration curve was linear within the concentration ranges of 0.5 μM to 90 μM of CBZ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.089 μM. Also, the reproducibility, repeatability and stability of the constructed electrochemical sensor, were all found to be satisfactory. Finally, the proposed sensor was successfully employed for the direct determination of CBZ in in real samples.

Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Recognition Systems: Applications in the Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors

“…Similarly, various metal nanoparticles have been combined with CDs to form decorated glassy carbon electrodes. For example, Daneshvar and Rounaghi [156] employed trimetallic Au/Ag/Pd nanoparticles with β-CD for the detection of carbamazepine. Similarly, a number of carbon paste electrodes modified with metal nanoparticles and β-CD have been formed and utilized as electrochemical sensors and this includes gold [157,158] and platinum nanoparticles [46], while gold substrate electrodes have been modified with gold nanoparticles, β-CD, and Nafion [159].…”

“…Similarly, various metal nanoparticles have been combined with CDs to form decorated glassy carbon electrodes. For example, Daneshvar and Rounaghi [156] employed trimetallic Au/Ag/Pd nanoparticles with β-CD for the detection of carbamazepine.…”

Future Perspectives on Zeolite/Graphene Oxide Composite Synthesis and Applications

“…Also, they pointed out that the previously reported electrodes could not used for simultaneous detection. 78 Moreover, to evaluate the application possibilities of the modified electrode, different amounts of dopamine (10, 100, and 800 nM) and carbamazepine (4, 200, and 600 nM) were added to human serum for detection. From these results, they stated that the electrode was an ideal tool for the simultaneous detection of dopamine and carbamazepine in physiological samples.…”

“…They compared their results with various modified electrodes and found that the prepared electrode had the lowest detection limit. Also, they pointed out that the previously reported electrodes could not used for simultaneous detection . Moreover, to evaluate the application possibilities of the modified electrode, different amounts of dopamine (10, 100, and 800 nM) and carbamazepine (4, 200, and 600 nM) were added to human serum for detection.…”

An Amperometric Sensor for Low Level Detection of Antidepressant Drug Carbamazepine Based on Graphene Oxide-g-C3N4Composite Film Modified Electrode

“…8,9 Recently, several analytical techniques have been employed for the determination of CBZ level including solid phase extraction, 10 high performance liquid chromatography, 11 gas chromatography, 12 mass chromatography, 13 chemiluminescence, 14 spectrophotometry, 15 electrochemical determination. [16][17][18][19] Among these, most of the methods suffer from many issues including tedious procedure, requiring expensive instruments, long-time sample pretreatment and lack of portability. On other hand, electrochemical techniques offer a range of advantages including easy operative, rapid, accurate, high sensitivity, good selectivity, low cost, and minimal reagent consumption.…”