An emerging issue of mixed yeast cultures

Yang, Yun-Liang; Chu, Wen-Li; Lin, Chung-Cherng; Tsai, Sheng-Hua; Chang, Te-Pin; Lo, Hsiu‐Jung

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2013.01.001

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Of the 49 health population colonized by yeasts, 3 (6.1%) were co-colonized by more than one species [15]. Furthermore, more than one species were detected from specimens from 36 of 1116 (3.4%) patients in TSARY in 2010 and 44 of 1092 (4.0%) patients in TSARY in 2014 [33,34]. Consistent with our findings, of the 162 elderly colonized by Candida species in Japan, 27.2% were colonized by more than one species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Yeast Species and Risk Factors of Oral Colonization among the Residents at Nursing Homes in Taiwan

2019

Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health

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Introduction: Candida species are part of commensal microflora and etiological agents of different infections in humans. Fungal infections contribute to approximately one million deaths annually.Objective: The present study is to determine the distribution of yeast species and the risk factors of yeast colonization in the oral cavities of residents at 10 nursing homes in Taiwan.Methods: Oral rinses of residents were collected. All yeast isolates were subjected to the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for species identification. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and/or the D1/D2 region of ribosomal DNA were used for assessing species identification.Results: Among 158 of 204 residents colonized by yeasts, 52 were colonized by Candida albicans alone and 106 were colonized by at least one non-C. albicans yeast species. Interestingly, 88 of the 158 subjects were colonized by more than one species. Among the 320 isolates, comprising 12 fungal genera and 33 species, C. albicans (40.3%) was the dominant species, followed by C. glabrata (15.9%), C. parapsilosis (10.6%), C. tropicalis (6.9%), and Trichosporon asahii (5.6%). Age, chewing betel nuts, having dentures, periodontal disease, or other chronic diseases are expected risk factors for being colonized by yeast. Interestingly, we also identified two less expected risk factors: being female and brushing teeth more than once a day. Furthermore, residents colonized by > 10 colony-forming unit (CFU) of yeast (OR, 6.156; 95% CI 2.709-13.989; p = 0.001) or age > 70 years (OR, 2.435; 95% CI 1.057-5.607; p = 0.037) were independent factors associated with multi-species colonization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Yeast Species and Risk Factors of Oral Colonization among the Residents at Nursing Homes in Taiwan

2019

Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health

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“…Specificity tests show that MC3 reacts with mannans from several clinically important Candida species, but not with a wide range of related and unrelated human pathogenic yeasts and molds of clinical importance. The mAb was able to discriminate C. albicans from the human yeasts C. glabrata , C. neoformans , and T. asahii in polymicrobial cultures, a crucial property given the emerging issue of mixed fungemia in critically ill patients ( Jensen et al, 2007 ; Miceli et al, 2011 ; Badiye et al, 2012 ; Davies and Thornton, 2014 ; Yang et al, 2014 ). The Candida species recognized by MC3 are all reported to cause IC ( Morgan et al, 1984 ; Leung et al, 2002 ; Hawkins and Baddour, 2003 ; Pfaller et al, 2006 , 2014 ; Jensen and Arendrup, 2011 ; Khan et al, 2012 ; Beyda et al, 2013 ; Borman et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-clinical Imaging of Invasive Candidiasis Using ImmunoPET/MR

et al. 2018

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The human commensal yeast Candida is the fourth most common cause of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections, with Candida albicans accounting for the majority of the >400,000 life-threatening infections annually. Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC), a disease encompassing candidemia (blood-borne yeast infection) and deep-seated organ infections, is a major challenge since clinical manifestations of the disease are indistinguishable from viral, bacterial and other fungal diseases, and diagnostic tests for biomarkers in the bloodstream such as PCR, ELISA, and pan-fungal β-D-glucan lack either standardization, sensitivity, or specificity. Blood culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis, but test sensitivity is poor and turn-around time slow. Furthermore, cultures can only be obtained when the yeast resides in the bloodstream, with samples recovered from hematogenous infections often yielding negative results. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a diagnostic test that allows the identification of metastatic foci in deep-seated Candida infections, without the need for invasive biopsy. Here, we report the development of a highly specific mouse IgG3 monoclonal antibody (MC3) that binds to a putative β-1,2-mannan epitope present in high molecular weight mannoproteins and phospholipomannans on the surface of yeast and hyphal morphotypes of C. albicans, and its use as a [64Cu]NODAGA-labeled tracer for whole-body pre-clinical imaging of deep-seated C. albicans infections using antibody-guided positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (immunoPET/MRI). When used in a mouse intravenous (i.v.) challenge model that faithfully mimics disseminated C. albicans infections in humans, the [64Cu]NODAGA-MC3 tracer accurately detects infections of the kidney, the principal site of blood-borne candidiasis in this model. Using a strain of the emerging human pathogen Candida auris that reacts with MC3 in vitro, but which is non-infective in i.v. challenged mice, we demonstrate the accuracy of the tracer in diagnosing invasive infections in vivo. This pre-clinical study demonstrates the principle of using antibody-guided molecular imaging for detection of deep organ infections in IC, without the need for invasive tissue biopsy.

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“…Mycological methods should detect mixed fungal species accurately, especially yeast species with a particular antifungal resistance profile. Among mixed fungemia, it is seen that C. albicans is commonly associated with C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis [ 5 - 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and molecular identification of mixed yeast isolates in Malaysia: A way forward

Farooq¹,

Chinni²,

Monowar³

et al. 2022

CMM

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Background and Purpose: Invasive candidiasis is one of the most common systemic mycoses, and studies have shown mixed yeast infections. Malaysia lacks mixed yeast culture data. Materials and Methods: Yeast isolates were collected in Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital, North Malaysia, from October 2020 to October 2021. Chromogenic Candida differential agar media and PCR-RFLP were used to identify yeast species. Results: A total of 206 yeast isolates were collected from different body sites of patients. The majority of the yeast isolates (n=104) were obtained from the urine. Other isolates were extracted from blood (n=52), vaginal swabs (n=45), ear discharge (n=2), tracheal aspirate (n=2), tissue (n=2), skin (n=1), nail (n=1), sputum (n=1), and cerebrospinal fluid (n=1). In total, 200 yeast samples were identified as single species, and six isolates were a mixture of Candida species. Conclusion: Malaysia lacks accurate epidemiological data on mixed yeast infections. We identified all samples to the species level, including mixed yeast cultures, using the MspI enzyme and PCR-RFLP.

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An emerging issue of mixed yeast cultures

Abstract: The high prevalence of cultures with mixed yeasts may be an emerging issue. Thus, to determine mixed yeast cultures in the same specimen, we highly recommend CHROMagar Candida medium to culture yeast isolates directly from the specimen.

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Distribution of Yeast Species and Risk Factors of Oral Colonization among the Residents at Nursing Homes in Taiwan

Distribution of Yeast Species and Risk Factors of Oral Colonization among the Residents at Nursing Homes in Taiwan

Pre-clinical Imaging of Invasive Candidiasis Using ImmunoPET/MR

Epidemiology and molecular identification of mixed yeast isolates in Malaysia: A way forward

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