An Empirical Comparison of Modulation Schemes in Turbulent Underwater Optical Wireless Communications

Geldard, Callum T.; Guler, Egecan; Hamilton, Alexander; Popoola, Wasiu O.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3134090

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM) technique has been found to provide a resilience to the effects of turbulence induced fading by encoding data upon the phase, as well as the amplitude, of the transmitted subcarrier signal. 5 In our previous work on SIM, it was found that the highest data rates were achieved using SIM modulated with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). 5 The data rate of QAM-SIM could then be further optimised by applying the bit and power loading (BPL) technique, as in.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In our previous work on SIM, it was found that the highest data rates were achieved using SIM modulated with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). 5 The data rate of QAM-SIM could then be further optimised by applying the bit and power loading (BPL) technique, as in. 6 Further to the properties of the carrier signal, the properties of light itself can be exploited as additional degrees of freedom for data transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UCE is the same as that used in our previous work, including references. 5,8 The channel conditions within the UCE can be controlled by adding crushed antacid tablets to increase turbidity, or by applying a temperature inhomogeneity to generate turbulence. After propagating the UCE, the received signal is then split back in to its constituent polarisation states by a Thorlabs PBS251/M operating as a polarisation beam splitter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploiting polarization state for beyond 10 Gbps underwater optical wireless data transmission in hostile channel conditions

Geldard

Guler

Butler

et al. 2023

Next-Generation Optical Communication: Components, Sub-Systems, and Systems XII

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This paper experimentally demonstrates the performance of subcarrier intensity modulation with polarisation division multiplexing (SIM-PDM) in a range of different water conditions. Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) is an emerging technology that offers high speed, low latency links over link distances in the order of metres. However, the effects of the UOWC channel present a challenge when designing a reliable link. These include: turbulence induced fading, which causes fluctuations in the received signal amplitude; particulate absorption, which causes an attenuation in the received optical power; and scattering, which causes spatial and temporal dispersion in the received signal. The SIM technique offers a resilience to turbulence compared to the state of the art on-off keying scheme, whilst additionally offering the potential for multi-level modulation orders – and therefore increased data rates – by encoding data on the signal phase as well as amplitude. In this work, PDM is used in conjunction with SIM to increase the spectral efficiency by separately modulating data across two orthogonal polarisation states. As long as these signals propagate identical channels, the polarisation states are maintained. Here, two orthogonally polarised laser beams are independently modulated with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), implemented via SIM to form the QAM-SIM-PDM technique. The performance of this technique is evaluated in terms of bit error rate and the maximum achievable data rate in clear, turbulent, and turbid water conditions. It is shown that data rates in excess of 10 Gbps are achievable using the QAM-SIM-PDM technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploiting polarization state for beyond 10 Gbps underwater optical wireless data transmission in hostile channel conditions

Geldard

Guler

Butler

et al. 2023

Next-Generation Optical Communication: Components, Sub-Systems, and Systems XII

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“…The results showed that the turbulence variation affected the SER performance remarkably. Geldard [15] combined PPM with subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM), and proposed pair‐wise coding (PWC) applied to SIM in UOWC for the first time, which demonstrated that PWC achieved a maximum data rate of 5.2 Gbps in still water condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bit error rate performance of underwater optical wireless communication with hybrid modulation

Luo,

Chen,

et al. 2023

IET Communications

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Turbulence effects can cause performance degradation for underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system. In this paper, a hybrid modulation (modulation–modulation, M–M) is presented to resist turbulence‐induced fading and improve the transmission performance of UOWC systems. The proposed differential phase shift keying‐multiple pulse position modulation (DPSK‐mPPM) is adopted as hybrid modulation to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance over UOWC turbulence channel of Gamma–Gamma distribution. Subsequently, the closed‐form average BER expressions of mPPM and hybrid DPSK‐mPPM modulation are derived and investigated, which are related to the oceanic turbulence parameters. The influence of the variation of anisotropy factor of ocean turbulence is analysed for the UOWC system over strong Gamma–Gamma turbulent channels. Finally, the numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed DPSK‐mPPM to improve the BER performance compared to the traditional single modulation over UOWC channel under the same conditions. Furthermore, the work of this paper improves the practicality of the proposed DPSK‐mPPM scheme for underwater communication in complex oceanic environments.

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“…VLC system is a potential candidate for many applications such as indoor positioning, underwater communications and internet of things (IoT). In addition, VLC system offers inherent security and can be employed in homes, offices and places where sensitive electronic devices exist such as in hospitals and areas where wired and radio-frequency (RF) wireless communications are not suitable [1], [2], [3]. Furthermore, it can enable significant energy and cost saving by reusing the existing lighting infrastructures for communication purposes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAPR Reduction in DCO-OFDM Based WDM VLC

Alrakah

Gutema

Sinanović

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Visible light communication (VLC) can achieve high data rate transmission with multicarrier modulation techniques. The common variant is direct current (DC) optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) which offers a spectral efficient modulation solution for VLC. However, similar to other multicarrier modulation schemes, DCO-OFDM suffers from a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, the efficacy of pilot-assisted (PA) PAPR reduction system in DCO-OFDM based VLC is demonstrated experimentally. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is applied using three off-the-shelf light emitting diodes (LEDs). PA DCO-OFDM is compared to the conventional DCO-OFDM based on achievable data rate and bit error rate (BER). The available modulation bandwidth of each LED is utilised by adaptive bit and power loading in both systems. The proposed system reduces the high PAPR values of the system, hence, reduces the clipping noise and minimises the nonlinearity effect of each wavelength. Thus, the PA DCO-OFDM has achieved more than 7% data rate higher than that of the conventional DCO-OFDM with no PAPR reduction. Index Terms-Optical wireless communication, visible light communication, optical OFDM, DCO-OFDM, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), pilot-assisted (PA), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).

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An Empirical Comparison of Modulation Schemes in Turbulent Underwater Optical Wireless Communications

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Exploiting polarization state for beyond 10 Gbps underwater optical wireless data transmission in hostile channel conditions

Exploiting polarization state for beyond 10 Gbps underwater optical wireless data transmission in hostile channel conditions

Bit error rate performance of underwater optical wireless communication with hybrid modulation

PAPR Reduction in DCO-OFDM Based WDM VLC

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