An enamel-inspired bioactive material with multiscale structure and antibacterial adhesion property

Abstract

Conventional dental materials lack of the hierarchical architecture of enamel that exhibits excellent intrinsic-extrinsic mechanical properties. Moreover, restorative failures frequently occur due to physical and chemical mismatch between artificial materials and native dental hard tissue followed by recurrent caries which is caused by sugar-fermenting, acidogenic bacteria invasion of the defective cite. In order to resolve the limitations of the conventional dental materials, the aim of this study was to establish a non-cell-based biomimetic strategy to fabricate a novel bioactive material with enamel-like structure and antibacterial adhesion property. The evaporation-based, bottom-up and self-assembly method with layer-by-layer technique were used to form a large-area fluorapatite crystal layer containing antibacterial components. The multilayered structure was constructed by hydrothermal growth of the fluorapatite crystal layer and highly conformal adsorption to the crystal surface of a polyelectrolyte matrix film. Characterization and mechanical assessment demonstrated that the synthesized bioactive material resembled the native enamel in chemical components, mechanical properties and crystallographic structure. Antibacterial and cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that this material had the antibacterial adhesion property and biocompatibility. In combination with the molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the effects of variables on the crystallization mechanism, this study brings new prospects for the synthesis of enamel-inspired materials.

Electrophoresis-Aided Biomimetic Mineralization System Using Graphene Oxide for Regeneration of Hydroxyapatite on Dentin

“…Graphite oxidation uses a strong oxidizing agent and its function is to expand the separation of the layers and also create a hydrophilic material. GO is a single-atom layered material composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen molecules through the oxidation of inexpensive and abundant graphite crystals [ 30 , 44 , 45 ]. Furthermore, GO has good biological properties and has been widely used in biomedical field, including drug delivery [ 46 ], cancer therapy [ 47 , 48 ], biosensing [ 49 ], tissue engineering [ 50 ], and bioimaging [ 51 ].…”

“…The black liquid was then added to KH 2 PO 4 solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and by 80 mg/mL KOH solution to obtain 1.55 M KH 2 PO 4 solution 0.8 wt% GO with pH 6.5. [ 29 , 30 ]. The solution was stored at 4 °C before use.…”

Synthesis of a graphene oxide/agarose/hydroxyapatite biomaterial with the evaluation of antibacterial activity and initial cell attachment

“…The color then changed to orange after 30 min and the heating was kept until it turned into black liquid after 100 min. The transformation into black liquid suggested the formation of GO 70 . This liquid was then added to 500 ml deionised water.…”

Recent Progress on Bioinspired Antibacterial Surfaces for Biomedical Application

“…The contact-killing function can also be achieved by the mechanical rupturing of cells using fine surface structures, such as nanopatterns [119][120][121], nanowires [122], nanotubes [123], and nanopillars [124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136]. The rupturing of the bacterial membrane occurs when the cell membrane is not elastic enough to bear the exerted tensile force (Figure 5(Ci)).…”