An Enzyme Which Inactivates Estrone.

Zondek, Bernhard; Sklow, Joachim

doi:10.3181/00379727-49-13652

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…laccase, tyrosinase, and peroxidase) that are produced by bacteria, white-rot fungi, and plants might be critical for the degradation process ( − ). If so, the phenolic estrogens may be oxidized to quinones, which may polymerize into humus-like macromolecules ( − ).…”

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Manure-Borne Estrogens as Potential Environmental Contaminants: A Review

Hanselman

Graetz

Wilkie

2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

458

322

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Livestock wastes are potential sources of endocrine disrupting compounds to the environment. Steroidal estrogen hormones such as estradiol, estrone, and estriol are a particular concern because there is evidence that low nanogram per liter concentrations of estrogens in water can adversely affect the reproductive biology of fish and other aquatic vertebrate species. We performed a literature review to assess the current state of science regarding estrogen physicochemical properties, livestock excretion, and the fate of manure-borne estrogens in the environment. Unconjugated steroidal estrogens have low solubility in water (0.8-13.3 mg L(-1)) and are moderately hydrophobic (log Kow 2.6-4.0). Cattle excrete mostly 17alpha-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol, estrone, and respective sulfated and glucuronidated counterparts, whereas swine and poultry excrete mostly 17beta-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and respective sulfated and glucuronidated counterparts. The environmental fate of estrogens is not clearly known. Laboratory-based studies have found that the biological activity of these compounds is greatly reduced or eliminated within several hours to days due to degradation and sorption. On the other hand, field studies have demonstrated that estrogens are sufficiently mobile and persistent to impact surface and groundwater quality. Future research should use standardized methods for the analysis of manure, soil, and water. More information is needed about the types and amounts of estrogens that exist in livestock wastes and the fate of manure-borne estrogens applied to agricultural lands. Field and laboratory studies should work toward revealing the mechanisms of estrogen degradation, sorption, and transport so that the risk of estrogen contamination of waterways can be minimized.

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Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Manure-Borne Estrogens as Potential Environmental Contaminants: A Review

Hanselman

Graetz

Wilkie

2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

458

322

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“…An enzyme similar to laccase had been found in acid extract from kidney (84). Zondeck et al (85) consider the enzyme in potato juice, responsible for inactivation of estrone, to be similar to but not identical with polyphenol oxidase. Blaschko (86) studied the dopa decarboxyl ase of animal tissues, especially of kidney.…”

Section: Non-hemin Iron and Other Heavy Metal Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Oxidations and Reductions

Lipmann¹

1943

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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Correlation between metabolism and phosphate turnover.Through a subtle analysis of the metabolism of an autotrophic sulfur oxidizing organism, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Vogler, Umbreh and their collaborators (1, 2, 3, 4) have disclosed a new and striking ex ample of the general occurrence in nature of a linking between oxida tion and phosphate turnover. The processes of energy release through oxidation, in this case of sulfur, and of energy utilization could be separated. The oxidative phase was found to be accompanied by phos phate fixation, and the reductive phase of carbon dioxide fixation by a release of phosphate. O'Kane & Umbreit (5) also studied in some detail the more familiar coupling of glucose fermentation with phos phate fixation, using resting cells of Streptococcus fecalis. It may be emphasized that, parallel with the fermentative phosphate shift, an accumulation of potassium has been observed in several microorgan isms, e.g., in yeast (6) and in Escherichia coli.With radioactive phosphorus as indicator, Taurog, Chaikoff & Perlman (8) demonstrated a dependence of the synthesis of phospho lipids on oxidative metabolism in experiments with liver and kidney slices. Likewise, with brain slices (9), glucose increased the turnover four to five times. The permeation of phosphate into brain cells was followed and found largely dependent on carbohydrate metabolism. Analogous results with yeast are reported by Mullins (10).Efficiency of energy conversion.-The equivalent per mole of carbohydrate oxidized of energy-rich phosphate bonds, designated with ---'P h (11), had been determined by Belitzer & Tsibakova (12) and by Ochoa (13) to about 24 ---'P h, or 2 '--ph per atom of oxygen consumed. In such determinations fluoride is used to stabilize, more or less effectively, the generated phosphate esters; due to the unavoid able loss through dephosphorylation, these figures are to be considered minimum values. In a new series of experiments Ochoa (14) has determined now, rather reliably, the extent of the loss through dephos-1 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1943.12:1-26. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -Davis on 02/03/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS LIPMANNphorylation to be 30 to 40 per cent; he arrives at an average of 3 """' ph per atom of respired oxygen, or 36 �h per mole of carbohydrate.With 11 kca!. per bond (11) this makes an efficiency of 60 per cent for the conversion of available oxidation energy into utilizable phos-, phate bond energy. The question then arises how such a high yield of phosphate bonds can be explained in terms of a mechanism. Fol lowing the metabolic pathway of one half of the glucose passing from pyruvate tbrough the citric acid cycle, five energy-rich phosphate bonds may be derived as :follows : Two �h on the fermentation path way from glucose to pyruvate; two ,·-ph as acylphosphates, with the oxidation of the two a-keto acids, py:ruvic and ketoglutaric acids; and one �h, with Kalckar's enolphosphate...

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“…Zondek (1936) found that the administration of large doses of oestrin produced a chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary in male rats, that is, in rats not normally subject to the action of large amounts of oestrogen.…”

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confidence: 99%