An Estimation of the Foreign-Origin Populations of France in 1999

Segregation, entrepreneurship and work values: the case of France

“…Firstly, we define a category of people "of North African origin", which includes all individuals whose nationality at birth, or that of at least one of their parents, was either Algerian, Moroccan or Tunisian, or whose birth place, or that of at least one of their parents, is located in this region. We also use the mother tongue declared by the respondents as a double check (Tribalat 2004). We proceed in the same way for the definition of the group of people with a "Southern European origin" (Italy, Spain and Portugal).…”

“…[ Table 2, 3, 4 about here] Stylized facts established by the literature complete this picture (Caille, 2005;Dos Santos, 2005;Okba, 2004, 2005;Joseph and Lemière, 2005;Meurs et al forthcoming;Fournier, 2006, 2007;Tribalat, 2004Tribalat, , 2005. In terms of education, students of North African origin often choose general instead of professional education tracks, as opposed to the more technical and professional tracks chosen by South European students.…”

“…In France, the common knowledge is that immigrants suffer from a more difficult access to employment rather than from lower wages (Joseph and Lemière, 2005). However, beyond this observation, surveys have also documented the existence of an important heterogeneity among immigrants: people of North African origin are more often unemployed and experience a more discontinuous career, in sharp contrast with the situation of workers of South European origin (Dayan et al, 1996 ;Dos Santos, 2005;Maurin, 1991 ;Meurs et al, 1999 ;Okba and Lainé, 2004 ;Tribalat, 2004Tribalat, , 2005Silberman and Fournier, 2007).…”

Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France

“…The growing attention paid to immigration in France is not related to numbers, as the actual number of immigrants has remained constant since 1930, but rather to its changing demographics, as presently more immigrants are from former North African colonies than other regions (Gafaïti 2003;Noiriel 1996;Thomas 2007;Tribalat 2004a). 30 Recent immigration-related developments in France reveal how national identity remains under debate and how immigrants and their descendants are continually framed as disruptive to this constructed national identity (Silverstein 2008).…”

“…They are considered foreigners at birth and generally become citizens when they are eighteen years old, or earlier by request (Bass 2014;Brubaker 1992;Keaton 2006). The French model of integration is an assimilationist one (Schnapper et al 2003;Tribalat 2004a). 38 Immigrants and their descendants are supposed to assimilate into France-to be and act as French as possible.…”