An ethical framework for the responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines

Popattia, Amber Salman; Caze, Adam La

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.002

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In section 3, the level of agreement to three items designed to capture opinions about a set of proposed bioethical responsibilities, 18 and a framework for pharmacists managing T&CM products are requested. 19 …”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings were raised again in a more recent systematic review 18 that informed the development of a bioethical framework for pharmacists’ responsibilities when selling T&CMs. 19 The framework supported and built on the afore-mentioned pharmacists responsibilities to propose that both pharmacists and their staff should be trained in the provision of evidence-based T&CM recommendations; pharmacy staff should know when to refer to a pharmacist about T&CM products; pharmacists should be able to provide T&CM product information for people to make informed decisions; the layout and business model of the pharmacy should be conducive to consumers receiving T&CM product advice from a pharmacist when purchasing the products; and pharmacists should intervene if the risk of harm is significant. Despite these individual and collective research efforts, a substantial gap remains between the responsibilities and ethical framework that have been proposed in relation to T&CM products and what takes place in day-to-day pharmacy practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards consensus: defining and supporting a professional role for pharmacists associated with traditional and complementary medicines – a protocol of implementing an international e-survey

2022

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IntroductionTraditional and complementary medicines (T&CM) are predominantly self-selected from retail outlets including pharmacies as part of self-care practices. Concerns about the appropriate and safe use of T&CM products raises questions about ‘should’ and ‘how’ pharmacists could adopt professional responsibilities. There lacks a consensus about the scope of these responsibilities, or the initiatives required to execute them. The aim of this study is to identify an international set of core responsibilities that support pharmacists’ contribution to ensuring the quality and safe use of T&CMs to promote public health.Methods and analysisAn international cross-sectional e-survey of pharmacists representing the six WHO regions will be conducted over a 12-month period. Pharmacists will be invited via representative organisations and professional networks within their respective country. Survey responses to statements about the relevance of T&CM to day-to-day practice; opinions about the bioethical and practice responsibilities; and support required to build their scope of practice associated with T&CM will be collected centrally via the online survey platform Survey Monkey and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences V.27 software for Windows. Bivariate statistical analysis will be conducted to examine the associations between agreement to statements within each section with key demographic variables, country of practice, pharmacy type, age, gender, qualification and years in practice. Cronbach’s alpha will be used to test the internal consistency of items from certain sections of the survey and evince their clarity to respondents of the questionnaire.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the University of Macau (approval number SSHRE21-APP068-ICMS-01). The results of this survey will be used to inform key discussion points in a consensus process and a step towards developing an agreed and defined professional role for pharmacists in T&CMs.

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Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards consensus: defining and supporting a professional role for pharmacists associated with traditional and complementary medicines – a protocol of implementing an international e-survey

2022

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“…In response to these gaps, an ethical framework has been developed by two of the authors of this paper (ASP and AL) that provides specific guidance to pharmacists regarding their responsibilities when selling complementary medicines [ 24 ]. The framework seeks to identify the responsibilities that pharmacists need to meet in order to ensure that the sale of complementary medicines in community pharmacy promotes good consumer health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three components to the framework: principle-based ethics provides the theoretical foundations, a public health argument provides support for the sale of complementary medicines in community pharmacy, and specific responsibilities are provided that ensure that pharmacists meet their obligations to consumers when selling complementary medicines. An overview of the framework is provided below, a more detailed argument can be found in [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key professional practice norms include the need for pharmacists to respect consumer health preferences; to support the informed choice of consumers in relation to treatment decisions; to provide advice that supports positive health outcomes and avoids harms, and to provide evidence-based care. These practice norms are specifications of the more general principles of respect for autonomy, beneficience and non-maleficience, and can be further specified to provide the explicit advice provided within the responsibilities outlined in the framework [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving pharmacy practice in relation to complementary medicines: a qualitative study evaluating the acceptability and feasibility of a new ethical framework in Australia

2021

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Background There is a need for clearer guidance for pharmacists regarding their responsibilities when selling complementary medicines. A recently published ethical framework provides guidance regarding the specific responsibilities that pharmacists need to meet in order to fulfil their professional obligations and make a positive contribution to health outcomes when selling complementary medicines. Objective Evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a new ethical framework for the sale of complementary medicines in community pharmacy. Methods Australian community pharmacists were invited to participate in online focus groups and interviews. Participants were recruited via multiple methods, including social media and the professional networks of pharmacy groups. Participants were provided the ethical framework prior to the discussion. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Seventeen community pharmacists participated in the study (11 in 4 focus groups and 6 in individual interviews). There was good representation among participants in terms of gender, years of practice, pharmacy location and script volume. Participants differed in how proactive they were in relation to selling and providing advice on complementary medicines, how they interpreted evidence in relation to complementary medicines, and how they navigated their practice within the retail environment of community pharmacy. The majority of participants found the framework was acceptable for practice and was feasible for implementation with targeted support. Participants identified two important areas for targeted support in implementing the framework: improved access to evidence-based information resources on complementary medicines and independent evidence-based education and training on complementary medicine for pharmacists and pharmacy support staff. Conclusion The ethical framework addresses an important gap in providing specific professional guidance to pharmacists when selling complementary medicines. The results of the study suggest that the framework may be acceptable to community pharmacists and be feasible to implement with targeted support.

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Community pharmacies and the empowerment of self-care in the United States

Straw¹,

Mills²,

Winters³

et al. 2023

Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy

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An ethical framework for the responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Towards consensus: defining and supporting a professional role for pharmacists associated with traditional and complementary medicines – a protocol of implementing an international e-survey

Towards consensus: defining and supporting a professional role for pharmacists associated with traditional and complementary medicines – a protocol of implementing an international e-survey

Improving pharmacy practice in relation to complementary medicines: a qualitative study evaluating the acceptability and feasibility of a new ethical framework in Australia

Community pharmacies and the empowerment of self-care in the United States

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