An evaluation of drinking water quality in five wells in Sebha city, Libya, using a water quality index and multivariate analysis

Salem, Mansour A.S.; Sharif, Omar Ahmed; Alshofeir, Abdullah Ali; Assad, Mamdouh El Haj

doi:10.1007/s12517-022-10812-0

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In North Africa, several authors have employed WAWQI in the evaluation of groundwater for drinking purposes, for example, in Libya [46] and Egypt [47,48] as well as in Tunisia for irrigation and protection of aquatic life [49]. Also, this index has been embraced in East Africa to examine surface and groundwater for various uses.…”

Section: Application Of Wqis: the African Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…FAO guidelines for irrigation [39], ANZECC guidelines for the conservation of aquatic areas [77], and WHO standards for swimming pools and similar environments [87] among others. On the other hand, the local standards included but not limited to; SANS241-1:2015 [68], LNCSM [46], and Ghana's WRC guidelines for domestic use and protection of aquatic life [41], among others.…”

Section: Sub-index Development In the Adapted Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Articles that adapted the WAWQI used two approaches to assign weights to parameters; (1) assignment of parameter weighs by the Delphi technique and fitting the values into Equation ( 6) [47,62,64,68,78,81] and (2) assignment of parameter weights by Delphi technique and fitting values into Equation (7) through the application of a value inverse of recommended guideline [46,61,80,84,87,91,92]. However, parameter weights were assigned in accordance with [11] with a scale of 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest), refs.…”

Section: Assignment Of Parameter Weights In the Adapted Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) The remaining 32.4% [46,48,84,87,91] who incorporated the quality rating and relative weight from suggested standards employed an additive function;…”

Section: Aggregation Function For the Adapted Wawqimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapted Water Quality Indices: Limitations and Potential for Water Quality Monitoring in Africa

Lukhabi

Mensah

Asare

et al. 2023

Water

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A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a tool that describes the overall water quality by combining complex and technical water quality information into a single meaningful unitless numerical value. WQIs predict water quality since they reflect the impact of multiple Water Quality Parameters (WQPs) and allow for spatial-temporal comparison of water quality status. Most African countries employ adapted WQIs by modifying the original index (or indices) and propose their concepts for evaluating the quality of surface and groundwater, which is normally accompanied by irregularities. The current review examined the process(es) involved in WQI modifications for monitoring water quality in Africa, explored associated limitations, and suggested areas for improvement. A review of 42 research articles from five databases in the last ten years (2012–2022) was conducted. The findings indicated Weighted Arithmetic (WAWQI) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCMEWQI) as the most adapted WQIs. However, several limitations were encountered in WQI developmental steps, mainly in parameter selection and classification schemes used for the final index value. Incorporation of biological parameters, use of less subjective statistical methods in parameter selection, and logical linguistic descriptions in classification schemes were some recommendations for remedying the limitations to register the full potential of adapted WQIs for water quality monitoring in Africa.

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Section: Application Of Wqis: the African Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sub-index Development In the Adapted Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assignment Of Parameter Weights In the Adapted Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) The remaining 32.4% [46,48,84,87,91] who incorporated the quality rating and relative weight from suggested standards employed an additive function;…”

Section: Aggregation Function For the Adapted Wawqimentioning

confidence: 99%

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