An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations

Gatterer, Katharina; Gumpenberger, Matthias; Overbye, Marie; Streicher, Bernhard; Schobersberger, Wolfgang; Blank, Cornelia

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.12.002

Cited by 49 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our analysis indicated that athletes and ASP lack the psychological capability to enact clean sport behaviours, due to a lack of knowledge and awareness of anti-doping rules and regulations. In line with a recent evaluation of NADO prevention initiatives (Gatterer et al, 2020), the weight of the evidence in this meta-synthesis pointed to anti-doping education as inadequate in providing athletes and ASP with the knowledge and skills to elicit clean sport behaviour. Athletes, bodybuilders, and gym users alike questioned their capability to succeed and achieve their goals without doping, and there was awareness of how to circumvent the anti-doping system amongst competitive athletes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Furthermore, the Code outlines many other behaviours, beyond use, that would violate anti-doping rules (e.g., possession, administration, complicity) and these behaviours warrant further inquiry. Finally, there is a need for the research studies to keep pace with developments in the anti-doping field by shifting focus away from risk factors of doping to enablers of clean sport behaviours (Englar-Carlson et al, 2016;Gatterer et al, 2020;Petróczi et al, 2017). A shift in focus to clean sport behaviours is even more pressing in light of the forthcoming ISE, which focuses on developing clean sport behaviours through anti-doping education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers and Enablers to Clean Sport: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B Model

Williams¹,

Patterson²,

Staff³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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To protect the integrity of sport and the health of athletes, global anti-doping programmes seek to prevent doping behaviours and elicit clean sport behaviours through education, deterrence, detection, enforcement and rules. To guide programme development, this meta-synthesis of qualitative research applied a behavioural science framework to identify participants’ perspectives and experiences of (anti-)doping to further understanding of the barriers and enablers of clean sport.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and Enablers to Clean Sport: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B Model

Williams¹,

Patterson²,

Staff³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to previous research, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] coaches are influential in determining whether young athletes will take banned substances to enhance their performance. However, they receive very little or no antidoping education in entry-level coaching qualifications, which tends to be focused on sport-specific and pedagogical learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 10 Additionally, some coaches who suspect their athletes of doping may not be confident in their ability to confront the athlete, 11 and other coaches may be reluctant to attend antidoping training because they do not want to miss a training session. 12 To understand coaches' views of doping further, Nicholls et al 13 interviewed 11 coaches about doping among adolescent athletes. The coaches in the study believed that vulnerable athletes would take PEDs if their coach encouraged them to do so, because they trust their coach and would be afraid to decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility randomised controlled trial examining the effects of the Anti-Doping Values in Coach Education (ADVICE) mobile application on doping knowledge and attitudes towards doping among grassroots coaches

Nicholls

Fairs

Plata-Andrés

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectivesSports coaches are influential in whether athletes dope, but receive very little antidoping education, particularly within entry-level coaching qualifications. We tested the feasibility of an antidoping intervention, delivered via a mobile application, which was designed to increase coaches’ knowledge of doping and to reduce favourable doping attitudes.MethodsA two-arm randomised controlled trial, with grassroots coaches who coach young amateur athletes aged between 14 and 18 years of age, was conducted. The Anti-Doping Values in Coach Education (ADVICE) mobile application included modules on fair play, substances, nutritional supplements, rules and leadership. The primary outcome was the change in doping knowledge, 6 weeks after receiving the mobile application. The secondary outcome was changes in doping attitudes.ResultsGrassroots coaches (n=200; aged between 18 and 71 years, with between 1 and 42 years of coaching experience) from 29 different countries completed baseline assessments, and 85 completed follow-up assessments, and were included in mixed analysis of variance analyses. The intervention increased coaches’ knowledge about doping and also reduced favourable doping attitudes in the experimental arm.ConclusionThe ADVICE mobile application is a feasible method for delivering and increasing grassroots coaches’ knowledge of banned substances and the potential side effects of doping. Mobile application-based resources could facilitate a much wider dissemination of antidoping education.

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Trends in exposure to drugs and prohibited substances among sports: A nationwide analysis of 2008–2022 inquiry records

Chen,

Hsu,

et al. 2024

Drug Testing and Analysis

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To prevent athletes from unintentional doping, the anti‐doping authorities in Taiwan have launched several sports‐prohibited substances inquiry services since 2008. This study aimed to enhance the prevention of sports‐prohibited substance misuse by analyzing data collected from major nationwide service systems, enabling the identification of trends in athletes' exposure to drugs and prohibited substances. The study collected over 30,000 data points from three major national anti‐doping inquiry systems, spanning from 2008 to 2022. The information of the users consulted products, prohibited substances, and sports disciplines in the data were calculated and categorized. The usage of inquiry systems has shown an increasing trend from 2008 to 2022. Athletes comprised the majority of users (> 40%), significantly outnumbering other user groups (all below 20%). Among the inquiries, Western medicine accounted for the highest percentage (up to 79.6%), and it also contained the majority of the prohibited substances. Interestingly, traditional Chinese medicines had a higher chance (35.9%) of containing prohibited substances, as indicated by the mobile application. The prohibited substances mainly belonged to class S6 stimulants and S9 glucocorticoids. Among the daily medicinal products and nutritional supplements encountered by sports personnel, approximately 30% of them were found to contain prohibited substances. Future educational efforts should focus on raising awareness about traditional Chinese medicines and drugs for the common cold, ADHD, and pain relief, as well as their regulation, to prevent the misuse of prohibited substances.

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An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations

Cited by 49 publications

References 43 publications

Barriers and Enablers to Clean Sport: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B Model

Barriers and Enablers to Clean Sport: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B Model

Feasibility randomised controlled trial examining the effects of the Anti-Doping Values in Coach Education (ADVICE) mobile application on doping knowledge and attitudes towards doping among grassroots coaches

Trends in exposure to drugs and prohibited substances among sports: A nationwide analysis of 2008–2022 inquiry records

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