An Evaluation of Serum IgE and Th2-Associated Interleukins in Children With Uncomplicated and Complicated Appendicitis

Gudjonsdottir, Johanna; Roth, Bodil; Lovén, Gustav; Ohlsson, Bodil; Hagander, Lars; Salö, Martin

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.884138

Cited by 11 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-9 did not affect the risk of complicated appendicitis, but at the same time high levels of IL-13 were associated with an increased risk of complicated appendicitis [55].…”

Section: T-lymphocytes: Il-4 Il-5 Il-9 and Il-13mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Several recent studies have reinforced the hypothesis that there is a Th2 immune reaction in AA [19,45,47,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] (Table 1).…”

Section: Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Th1 cells secrete Th1 cytokines, such as IL-2, TNF-α and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which activate macrophages and cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity [55,63,64].…”

Section: T-lymphocytes: Il-4 Il-5 Il-9 and Il-13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prospective study analyzed serum concentrations of IL-4, IL-9, IL-13 and total IgE in 138 patients who were less than 15 years old, with AA [55].…”

Section: T-lymphocytes: Il-4 Il-5 Il-9 and Il-13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-13 concentrations were also higher for AGA and APA, both in serum and ALF, and again, no difference was found between the two types of appendicitis (unpublished data). A recent prospective study in children showed that high levels of IL-13 appear to be associated with an increased risk of complicated appendicitis [55].…”

Section: T-lymphocytes: Il-4 Il-5 Il-9 and Il-13mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compilation of Evidence Supporting the Role of a T Helper 2 Reaction in the Pathogenesis of Acute Appendicitis

Carvalho,

Barreira,

Henriques

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Despite being the most common abdominal surgical emergency, the cause of acute appendicitis (AA) remains unclear, since in recent decades little progress has been made regarding its etiology. Obstruction of the appendicular lumen has been traditionally presented as the initial event of AA; however, this is often the exception rather than the rule, as experimental data suggest that obstruction is not an important causal factor in AA, despite possibly occurring as a consequence of the inflammatory process. Type I hypersensitivity reaction has been extensively studied, involving Th2 lymphocytes, and cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, which have well-defined functions, such as a positive-feedback effect on Th0 for differentiating into Th2 cells, recruitment of eosinophils and the release of eosinophilic proteins and the production of IgE with the activation of mast cells, with the release of proteins from their granules. Cytotoxic activity and tissue damage will be responsible for the clinical manifestation of the allergy. AA histological features are similar to those found in allergic reactions like asthma. The intestine has all the components for an allergic immune response. It has contact with hundreds of antigens daily, most of them harmless, but some can potentially induce an allergic response. In recent years, researchers have been trying to assess if allergy is a component of AA, with their latest advances in the understanding of AA as a Th2 reaction shown by the authors of this article.

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Section: T-lymphocytes: Il-4 Il-5 Il-9 and Il-13mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Several recent studies have reinforced the hypothesis that there is a Th2 immune reaction in AA [19,45,47,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] (Table 1).…”

Section: Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Th1 cells secrete Th1 cytokines, such as IL-2, TNF-α and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which activate macrophages and cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity [55,63,64].…”

Section: T-lymphocytes: Il-4 Il-5 Il-9 and Il-13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prospective study analyzed serum concentrations of IL-4, IL-9, IL-13 and total IgE in 138 patients who were less than 15 years old, with AA [55].…”

Section: T-lymphocytes: Il-4 Il-5 Il-9 and Il-13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T-lymphocytes: Il-4 Il-5 Il-9 and Il-13mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Compilation of Evidence Supporting the Role of a T Helper 2 Reaction in the Pathogenesis of Acute Appendicitis

Carvalho,

Barreira,

Henriques

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Flow cytometric characterization of cecal appendix lymphocyte subpopulations in children: a pilot study

Arredondo Montero,

Torres López,

Hurtado Ilzarbe

et al. 2023

Pediatr Surg Int

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Introduction Scientific literature regarding the characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations of the cecal appendix is sparse, with few precedents limited to immunohistochemical techniques. Methods We conducted a prospective pilot study to characterize lymphocyte subpopulations of the cecal appendix in children. Participants were divided into three groups: (1) patients without histological acute appendiceal inflammation, (2) patients with histological uncomplicated acute appendicitis, and (3) patients with histological complicated acute appendicitis (gangrenous, perforated). A fresh sample of the base of the appendix was taken from all patients and a flow cytometric study was performed. Quantitative variables were compared using Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test. Results This study included 57 patients divided into Group 1 (n = 5), Group 2 (n = 37), and Group 3 (n = 15). Median values (IQR) of the percentage of B-lymphocytes were 67.8 [66.8–68.1] in group 1, 61.15 [53.74–66.4] in group 2, and 52.1 [33–62.02] in group 3 (p = 0.02). Median values (IQR) of the percentage of NK-lymphocytes were 0.26 [0.2–0.3] in group 1, 0.55 [0.37–0.66] in group 2, and 0.84 [0.35–1.45] in group 3 (p = 0.008). Median values (IQR) of the percentage of T-lymphocytes were 31.9 [31.7–33.1] in group 1, 37.68 [32.15–45.69] in group 2, and 46.9 [37.03–67] in group 3 (p = 0.02). Pair comparisons of groups 2 and 3 also showed significant differences in the percentage of B lymphocytes (p = 0.03) and NK-lymphocytes (p = 0.02). Conclusions Significant differences in lymphocyte subpopulations were identified according to the histologic grade of the cecal appendix. More specifically, a lower percentage of B-lymphocytes and a higher percentage of T- and NK-lymphocytes were observed in cases of acute appendicitis. These findings must be confirmed and their etiopathogenic, diagnostic, and prognostic implications elucidated in future studies with larger sample sizes.

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Individual biomarkers in the blood are not yet applicable in diagnosing complicated appendicitis: A scoping review

Sikander

Rosenberg

Fonnes

2023

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine

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An Evaluation of Serum IgE and Th2-Associated Interleukins in Children With Uncomplicated and Complicated Appendicitis

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Compilation of Evidence Supporting the Role of a T Helper 2 Reaction in the Pathogenesis of Acute Appendicitis

Compilation of Evidence Supporting the Role of a T Helper 2 Reaction in the Pathogenesis of Acute Appendicitis

Flow cytometric characterization of cecal appendix lymphocyte subpopulations in children: a pilot study

Individual biomarkers in the blood are not yet applicable in diagnosing complicated appendicitis: A scoping review

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