An evaluation of the lower extremity muscle strength of patients with chronic venous insufficiency

Abstract

Impaired lower extremity muscle strength was observed in chronic venous insufficiency patients. Although the current study was consistent with literature in respect of impaired calf muscle strength, this finding was also seen in the thigh muscles. Furthermore, we concluded that if venous insufficiency becomes more severe, impaired calf muscle strength becomes more evident.

Evaluation of the Isokinetic Calf Muscle Strength and the Range of Motion of Joint in C3 Chronic Venous Insufficiency

“…Fifty-seven patients who visited the Süleyman Demirel University, Department of Cardiovaascular Surgery Clinic, who were diagnosed with CVI according to their history, examination findings, and doppler ultrasonography and photoplethysmography (PPG) examination results, and who presented with phase C 3 CVI according to the CEAP classification for homogeneity of study were included in this study [13].…”

“…Three major components ensure the return of venous blood in the lower extremity to the heart: efficacy of the lower extremity calf muscle pump, non-obstructed venous flow, and sufficiency of the venous valves [9–11]. The calf pump is the most important muscle pump in the lower extremity, and changes in the range of motion (ROM) of the ankle may cause greater hemodynamic changes [12,13]. Normal venous return depends on the valves in the veins and the strength of the lower extremity muscles.…”

“…Muscle pump function and the valves allowing one-directional flow seen against gravity and from distal to proximal. Functional disability of muscle pump function due to impaired muscle strength plays an important role in the pathophysiology and clinical course of CVI [13].…”

The influence of the training of the muscular component of the musculo-venous pump in the lower extremities on the clinical course of varicose vein disease

“…В свою очередь это вызывает еще большее снижение венозного оттока. В настоящее время имеются лишь единичные работы по изучению функционального состояния мышечного компо-нента мышечно-венозной помпы нижних конечно-стей [4,5], и эта проблема, на наш взгляд, требует дальнейшего изучения.…”

Area Triangulation Method for Automatic Detection of Venous Emptying Maneuvers

“…PPG is an indirect measurement, since the amount of reflected light also depends on factors such as thicknesses and skin pigmentation, local fat, among others [9], [11]. One of the clinical applications of PPG is for venous incompetence diagnosis [12]. Particularly, PPG can be employed for the measurement of VRT [13], [14], which is considered as reproducible approach for non-invasive assessment of lower limb venous function [6].…”