An Evidence-Based Update on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Periodontal Diseases

Qasim, Syed Saad Bin; Alotaibi, Dalal H.; Jasser, Reham Al; Gul, Sarhang S.; Zafar, Muhammad Sohail

doi:10.3390/ijms21113829

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Mice were used as the model in 36 animal studies, and zebrafish was used in one study. There are 16 different cell lines used in these studies, including SH-SY5Y in 16 studies (Massone et al, 2011 ; Vaure and Liu, 2014 ; Huang et al, 2017 , 2020 ; Cai et al, 2018 ; Li H. et al, 2018 ; Ke et al, 2019 ; Ma et al, 2019 ; Wang X. et al, 2019 ; Zeng et al, 2019 ; Zhang M. et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Qasim et al, 2020 ; Wang Q. et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020 ; Yan et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ; Zhou Y. et al, 2020 ; Zhang and Wang, 2021 ), HEK293 in 12 studies (Faghihi et al, 2008 ; Cai et al, 2017 ; Ghanbari et al, 2019 ; Ke et al, 2019 ; Zeng et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ; Zhu et al, 2019 ; Ge et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Zhou B. et al, 2020 ; Zhang and Wang, 2021 ), PC12 in seven studies (Guo et al, 2018 ; Wang J. et al, 2018 ; Ma et al, 2019 ; Zhao et al, 2019 ; Bastard et al, 2020 ; Zhou B. et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ), SK-N-SH in 5 studies (Ke et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2020 ; Ge et al, 2020 ; He et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020 ), N2A in five studies (Cai et al, 2017 ; Li D. et al, 2018 ; Butler et al, 2019 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Yue et al, 2020 ), U251 in two studies (Lin et al, 2019 ; Zeng et al, 2019 ), Human peripheral neurons (HPNs) in two studies (Zeng et al, 2019 ; Ge et al, 2020 ), SK-N-F1 (Kang et al, 2014 ), RAW264.7 (Yamanaka et al, 2015 ), Hela (Spreafico et al, 2018 ), CHP212 (Gao et al, 2020 ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perspective of Dysregulated LncRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Scoping Review

Asadi

Hassani

Kiani

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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LncRNAs act as part of non-coding RNAs at high levels of complex and stimulatory configurations in basic molecular mechanisms. Their extensive regulatory activity in the CNS continues on a small scale, from the functions of synapses to large-scale neurodevelopment and cognitive functions, aging, and can be seen in both health and disease situations. One of the vast consequences of the pathological role of dysregulated lncRNAs in the CNS due to their role in a network of regulatory pathways can be manifested in Alzheimer's as a neurodegenerative disease. The disease is characterized by two main hallmarks: amyloid plaques due to the accumulation of β-amyloid components and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) resulting from the accumulation of phosphorylated tau. Numerous studies in humans, animal models, and various cell lines have revealed the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This scoping review was performed with a six-step strategy and based on the Prisma guideline by systematically searching the publications of seven databases. Out of 1,591 records, 69 articles were utterly aligned with the specified inclusion criteria and were summarized in the relevant table. Most of the studies were devoted to BACE1-AS, NEAT1, MALAT1, and SNHG1 lncRNAs, respectively, and about one-third of the studies investigated a unique lncRNA. About 56% of the studies reported up-regulation, and 7% reported down-regulation of lncRNAs expressions. Overall, this study was conducted to investigate the association between lncRNAs and Alzheimer's disease to make a reputable source for further studies and find more molecular therapeutic goals for this disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perspective of Dysregulated LncRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Scoping Review

Asadi

Hassani

Kiani

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Currently, research strategies are emphasizing more on advance and sensitive methods to point active phases and sites of periodontal diseases to differentiate the treatment modality and need as per the requirement [ 22 ]. The routine practice uses subjective trends that are based on three aspects.…”

Section: Gingival Crevicular Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF): A Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of Periodontal Health and Diseases

et al. 2021

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The methodologies applicable for the evaluation of periodontal associated diseases are constantly evolving to provide quick, realistic, and scientifically proven results. Trends in the past followed a clinical evaluation of periodontal tissues and radiographic-based reports that formed the foundation for detection of diseases involving the structures supporting the teeth. As the confines and limitations of conventional strategies became obvious over the passage of time, hand in hand variety of techniques have evolved and experimentally justified. These improvisations are based on an improved understanding of the periodontal-pathogenic cascade. Periodontal pathogenesis and a paradigm shift from disease understanding to disease prevention and treatment entail few prerequisites that demand the objectivity of diagnostics procedure that includes sensitivity and specificity along with an explanation of the intensity of the disease, Gingival crevicular fluid an oral bio-fluid resides in the close proximity with gingival tissues have been widely used to understand and differentiate the periodontal health and diseased status. The biomarkers present in the GCF can be a reliable tool to detect the minute changes seen in the disease processes. The GCF consists of various host and bacterial-derived products as well as biomarkers which in turn can be evaluated for the diagnosis, prognosis as well as management of the periodontal disease. Thus, the review aims at describing GCF as a potential oral biofluid helpful in differentiating periodontal health and disease status.

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“…The latter is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a persistent bacterial infection that leads to gingival inflammation, the loss of a periodontal attachment and the regression of the alveolar bone and is responsible for the development of periodontal pockets [ 6 ] and impaired dental stability [ 7 , 8 ]. The pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the onset of periodontal disease are not yet fully understood; an important role in periodontal damage is attributed to the chronic presence of the microbiota, which, accumulating in periodontal tissue, would trigger an excessive and persistent inflammatory response responsible for the destruction of the periodontium [ 9 ]. Individual susceptibility on a genetic basis [ 10 , 11 ], lifestyle (poor oral hygiene, cigarette smoking) [ 12 ] and the presence of important concomitant diseases (such as diabetes) that are not well-controlled [ 13 ] are also factors favoring periodontitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proteomic Analysis of Discolored Tooth Surfaces after the Use of 0.12% Chlorhexidine (CHX) Mouthwash and CHX Provided with an Anti-Discoloration System (ADS)

et al. 2021

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Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered the gold standard for the chemical control of bacterial plaque and is often used after surgical treatment. However, CHX employment over an extended time is responsible for side effects such as the appearance of pigmentations on the teeth and tongue; the discoloration effects are less pronounced when using a CHX-based mouthwash with added an anti-discoloration system (ADS). The aim of this study was to evaluate, using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry, the possible proteomic changes induced by CHX and CHX+ADS in the supragingival dental sites susceptible to a discoloration effect. The tooth surface collected material (TSCM) was obtained by curettage after resective bone surgery from three groups of patients following a supportive therapy protocol in which a mechanical control was combined with placebo rinses or CHX or a CHX+ADS mouthwash. The proteomic analysis was performed before surgery (basal conditions) and four weeks after surgery when CHX was used (or not) as chemical plaque control. Changes in the TSCM proteome were only revealed following CHX treatment: glycolytic enzymes, molecular chaperones and elongation factors were identified as more expressed. These changes were not detected after CHX+ADS treatment. An ADS could directly limit TSCM forming and also the CHX antiseptic effect reduces its ability to alter bacterial cell permeability. However, Maillard’s reaction produces high molecular weight molecules that change the surface properties and could facilitate bacterial adhesion.

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An Evidence-Based Update on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Periodontal Diseases

Cited by 37 publications

References 153 publications

The Perspective of Dysregulated LncRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Scoping Review

The Perspective of Dysregulated LncRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Scoping Review

Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF): A Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of Periodontal Health and Diseases

A Proteomic Analysis of Discolored Tooth Surfaces after the Use of 0.12% Chlorhexidine (CHX) Mouthwash and CHX Provided with an Anti-Discoloration System (ADS)

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