An Evolutionarily Conserved Receptor-like Kinases Signaling Module Controls Cell Wall Integrity During Tip-Growth

Abstract

Rooting cells and pollen tubeskey adaptative innovations that evolved during the colonization and subsequent radiation of plants on landexpand by tip-growth. Tip-growth relies on a tight coordination between the protoplast growth and the synthesis/remodeling of the external cell wall. In root hairs and pollen tubes of the seed plant Arabidopsis thaliana, cell wall integrity (CWI) mechanisms monitor this coordination through the Malectin-like receptor kinases (MLRs) such as AtANXUR1 and AtFERONIA that act upstream of the AtMARIS PTI1like kinase. Here, we show that rhizoid growth in the early diverging plant, Marchantia polymorpha, is also controlled by an MLR and PTI1-like signaling module. Rhizoids, root hairs and pollen tubes respond similarly to disruption of MLR and PTI1-like encoding genes. Thus, the MLR/PTI1-like signaling module that controls CWI during tip-growth is conserved between M. polymorpha and A. thaliana suggesting it was active in the common ancestor of land plants.

OsMTD2‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is essential for intact pollen‐tube elongation in rice

“…The CrRLK1L family receptor kinases have been demonstrated as key regulators of cell growth and cell‐wall integrity during tip growth (Westermann et al ., 2019; Ge et al ., 2019). Although there has been significant progress recently in Arabidopsis (17 members in Arabidopsis), most of the family members in rice with 16 members have not been functionally characterized.…”

New paradigms in cell adaptation: decades of discoveries on the CrRLK1L receptor kinase signalling network

“…Knockdown of CpRLK1 results in defects in sexual reproduction (Hirano et al, 2015). Furthermore, rhizoid growth in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is also controlled by malectin-like RLK (presumably FER) and RLCK (MARIS) signalling (Westermann et al, 2019). MpMARIS functions downstream of MpFER (also named MpTHE; Honkanen et al, 2016) in the rhizoid CWI pathway, revealing that control of CWI during tip growth relies on a common module in both bryophytes and seed plants that has been conserved during land plant evolution (Westermann et al, 2019).…”

“…Furthermore, rhizoid growth in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is also controlled by malectin-like RLK (presumably FER) and RLCK (MARIS) signalling (Westermann et al, 2019). MpMARIS functions downstream of MpFER (also named MpTHE; Honkanen et al, 2016) in the rhizoid CWI pathway, revealing that control of CWI during tip growth relies on a common module in both bryophytes and seed plants that has been conserved during land plant evolution (Westermann et al, 2019). MpFER also provides essential functions in male gametogenesis and its encoding gene is expressed in female reproductive organs, suggesting that CrRLK1Ls participate in various aspects of both vegetative and reproductive development in ancestral land plants (Mecchia et al, 2020).…”

With an Ear Up against the Wall: An Update on Mechanoperception in Arabidopsis

“…Another member of the CrRLK1 family, FERONIA (FER), has been implicated in an even greater diversity of processes; like tip growth and cell wall integrity in pollen tubes [ 194 , 195 ] and root hairs [ 196 , 197 ], pathogen responses [ 198 , 199 , 200 ], salt tolerance [ 27 , 201 ], and cell expansion [ 30 , 193 , 202 ], to name just a few (see [ 6 , 203 ] for review). In the context of mechanical stimulation, LOF fer alleles exhibit impaired calcium signalling in response to touch or bending stimulation as well as a decrease in the expression of touch-responsive genes [ 28 ].…”