An Examination of Temporal Changes in Göksu Delta (Turkey) Using Principle Component Analysis

Karabulut, Murat; Küçükönder, Muhterem

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3457108

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This area is also located on one of the world's important bird migration routes, and especially in cold winter conditions, when the lakes in Central Anatolia freeze, it provides shelter for bird communities of huge numbers [35]. Several small lakes in the delta, usually less than 1 m deep, with limited areas having about 2 m depth, have abundant aquatic vegetation [9]. The factors threatening the Goksu Delta are briefly summarized below [35,36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only study that included all five coastal Ramsar sites was conducted in 2011, using a total of 15 Landsat images, and coastline changes in five coastal Ramsar sites were examined [6]. There are studies covering one or two coastal Ramsar sites, mostly using Landsat images, and analyzing temporal changes: Goksu Delta [7][8][9][10]; Kızılırmak Delta [11,12]; Akyatan Lagoon [13,14]; Akyatan and Yumurtalık Lagoons [15,16]; and the Gediz Delta [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Long and Short-Term Water Surface Area Changes in Coastal Ramsar Sites in Turkey with Google Earth Engine

Dervisoglu

2022

IJGI

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Deltas and lagoons, which contain many flora and fauna, have rich coastal ecological and biological environments, and are wetlands of vital importance for humans. In this study, the current problems in all coastal Ramsar sites in Turkey are summarized, and changes in water surface areas are investigated using Landsat and Sentinel 1/2 satellite images on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. Landsat TM and OLI images were used in the long-term analysis, and time series were created by taking annual and July to September averages between 1985 and 2020. In the short-term analysis, monthly averages were determined using Sentinel 2 images between 2016 and 2020. Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images were used in the months when optical data were not suitable for use in monthly analysis. The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was used to extract water surface areas from the optical images. Afterwards, a thresholding process was used for both optical and radar images to determine the changes. The changes were analyzed together with the meteorological data and the information obtained from the management plans and related studies in the literature. Changes in the water surface areas of all coastal Ramsar sites in Turkey were determined from 1985 to 2020 at different rates. There was a decreasing trend in the Goksu and Kızılırmak Deltas, which also have inland wetlands. The decreasing rates from 1985 to 2020 were −24.52% and −2.86%, for annual average water surfaces for the Goksu and Kızılırmak Deltas, respectively, and −21.64% and −6.34% for the dry season averages, respectively. However, Akyatan Lagoon, which also has inland wetlands, showed an increasing trend. Observing the annual average surface area from 1985 to 2020, an increase of 438 ha was seen, corresponding to 7.65%. Every year, there was an increasing trend in the Gediz Delta and Yumurtalık Lagoons, that do not have inland wetlands. The increasing rates from 1985 to 2020 were 46.01% and 17.31% for the annual average surface area, for the Gediz Delta and Yumurtalık Lagoons, respectively, and 38.34% and 21.04% for the dry season average, respectively. The obtained results reveal the importance of using remote sensing methods in formulating strategies for the sustainable management of wetlands.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Long and Short-Term Water Surface Area Changes in Coastal Ramsar Sites in Turkey with Google Earth Engine

Dervisoglu

2022

IJGI

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“…In some wells, Na + and Clions were observed due to seawater intrusion. In the literature [7,[44][45][46][47][48], it is presented that Paradeniz Lake is connected with the sea, and Akgöl Lake is connected with Paradeniz. The connection between them was once again revealed by anion-cation analysis, which is part of this study.…”

Section: Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry In Göksu Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Isotope Techniques and Modeling to Identify the Nitrogen Source in Göksu Delta

Gülçiçek

Demirel

2019

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Wetlands that cover 6% of the world's land surface contain about 12% of the global carbon pool, and therefore the contribution of wetlands to the global carbon cycle is great [1, 2]. Wetlands have countless benefits as they provide humankind, nutrition and building materials, biodiversity, flood control, groundwater recharge, and climate change mitigation. Governments and other institutions have tried to conserve and protect wetlands for more than 40 years, since the Ramsar Convention. Many wetlands have close associations with groundwater. For example, a wetland could feed the aquifer or could be fed from the aquifer. In such cases, the water budget of the aquifer and the health of the wetland ecosystem are connected. So, water resources and wetlands must be managed in an integrated manner in order to ensure the sustainability of the ecosystem [3].

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“…PCA is an important analysis tool used in many different fields (geology, physics, biology, archeology, agriculture, etc.) [32][33][34][35]. In case of predicting one dependent variable (Y) from a set of independent variables (X), regression methods are employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis

Topuz,

Keskin,

Karabulut

et al. 2024

Gazi University Journal of Science

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Lake sediments offer valuable information about the geographical, climatic and environmental changes. This work examined the chemical elements of eleven sediment samples from the old bottom (0-5m; 0.5m increments) of the dried Lake Gavur in Türkiye by applying XRF along with PCA and PLSR data analyses. The highest but negative correlations were observed for Sr (-0.89), S+SO3 (-0.74) and Zr+ZrO2 (-0.61) with sampling depths meaning that their concentrations were lower in deeper locations (4.0-5.0 m). In contrast, Ti+TiO2 (0.60), Al+Al2O3 (0.53) and Cu+CuO (0.51) had high and positive correlations and their quantities increased as the depth increased. The age of two samples was determined as 4752±33 BP years (2.5 m) and 5470±35 BP (5.0 m). Ca+CaO content was found as lower and Ti+TiO was higher in the deeper sediment (5.0 m) indicating rainy periods. PCA clustered the samples into two groups as deeper samples (4.0-5.0 m) and other samples (0.0-3.5m) while PLSR grouped them into three clusters as deeper (4.0-5.0 m), medium-depth (1.5-3.5 m) and shallower (0.0-1.0m) samples. PLSR model had a good performance to estimate the sampling depth from the chemical elements (R2cal=0.95; R2val=0.67) which means that the variations of the chemicals were highly dependent on the sampling depth.

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An Examination of Temporal Changes in Göksu Delta (Turkey) Using Principle Component Analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Investigation of Long and Short-Term Water Surface Area Changes in Coastal Ramsar Sites in Turkey with Google Earth Engine

Investigation of Long and Short-Term Water Surface Area Changes in Coastal Ramsar Sites in Turkey with Google Earth Engine

Applying Isotope Techniques and Modeling to Identify the Nitrogen Source in Göksu Delta

An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis

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