An exclusively hyena-collected bone assemblage in the Late Pleistocene of Sicily: taphonomy and stratigraphic context of the large mammal remains from San Teodoro Cave (North-Eastern Sicily, Italy)

Late Pleistocene hyena skeleton remains of a communal/prey depot cave den in the Bohemian Mountains (Czech Republic) – its osteology, taphonomy and palaeoecology

“…The comparison to different Czech Republic den types to others in the Late Pleistocene of Europe (1. prey depot, 2. communal and 3. birth dens, see definitions in Diedrich , ; Fig. 16), which were not analysed for most sites of Europe such as the Italian San Teredo Cave (Mangano ), let determine the den type at Srbsko. There, a communal den overlaps with a prey storage site compared to three other Czech hyena den cave sites (Fig.…”

“…cave bear prey specialization Diedrich ) across Europe (Liebe ; Reynolds ; Musil ; Ehrenberg ; Guadelli ; Fosse ; Fosse et al . ; Diedrich , ,b, ,b, , ,d, ,b,c,f; Mangano ). Accumulations of hyena prey and bones caused by the modern spotted hyena C. c. crocuta are well known in Africa from open‐air and cave sites (Henschel et al .…”

“…; Tournepiche and Couture ; Villa et al . ; Stiner ; Mangano ; Diedrich , , , , ,c,d, ,b,c,f, , ,b, ). Important sites were recently reviewed (Fig.…”

Insular mammalian fauna dynamics and paleogeography: A lesson from the Western Mediterranean islands

“…Antonioli et al 2016). Although E. hydruntinus entered Sicily at a later date than the other species, it has to be regarded as a member of the SanTeodoro Cave-Pianetti FC due to its presence in the level BII of San Teodoro cave recording species typical of this FC Mangano 2011). This evidence, in turn, implies that the onset of the successive Castello FC, counting LFAs without endemic species still unbalanced but with typically continental features, was slightly more recent that previously supposed.…”

Notes and Discussions on Marra, A.C. Evolution of Endemic Species, Ecological Interactions and Geographical Changes in an Insular Environment: A Case Study of Quaternary Mammals of Sicily (Italy, EU). Geosciences 2013, 3, 114–139.

“…5 is not a paper by Palombo and does not deal with feeding behavior and body mass of endemic large mammals of Sicily; in fact, the references to the methods used for estimating the body mass are lacking; • Page 130: taxa from faunal assemblages of Calabria considered as precursors of the species of San Teodoro Cave-Pianetti FC come from two well known post MIS 5e deposits from the following sites: the hill of S. Francesco d'Archi [56,57], and Contrada Iannì di S. Calogero [58]; Mallegni and Trinkaus [59] reported a Th-U determination of older than 40.000 years BP on marine mollusks from the San Francesco d'Archi level P, overlying the layer C-3 containing an immature Neanderthal mandible and vertebrate fauna; • Page 133: at San Teodoro Cave, evidence of wet climatic conditions in the older levels of the excavated trenches have been described by Bonfiglio et al [60] and Mangano [61]. …”