An Experimental Investigation of Ultraweak Photon Emission from Adult Murine Neural Stem Cells

Abstract

neurons like other living cells may have ultraweak photon emission (Upe) during neuronal activity. this study is aimed to evaluate Upe from neural stem cells (nSc) during their serial passaging and differentiation. We also investigate whether the addition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or enhancement of UPE (by AgNPs or mirror) affect the differentiation of NSC. In our method, neural stem and progenitor cells of subventricular zone (SVZ) are isolated and expanded using the neurosphere assay. the obtained dissociated cells allocated and cultivated into three groups: groups: i: cell (control), ii: cell + mirror, and iii: cell + Agnps. After seven days, the primary neurospheres were counted and their mean number was obtained. Serial passages continuous up to sixth passages in the control group. Differentiation capacity of the resulting neurospheres were evaluated in vitro by immunocytochemistry techniques. Measurement of Upe was carried out by photomultiplier tube (pMt) in the following steps: at the end of primary culture, six serial cell passages of the control group, before and after of the differentiation for 5 minutes. The results show that neither mirror nor AgNPs affect on the neurosphere number. The UPE of the NSC in the sixth subculturing passage was significantly higher than in the primary passage (P < 0.05). AgNPs significantly increased the UPE of the NSC compared to the control group before and after the differentiation (P < 0.05). Also, the treatment with AgNPs increased 44% neuronal differentiation of the harvested NSCs. UPE of NSC after the differentiation was significantly lower than that before the differentiation in each groups, which is in appropriate to the cell numbers (P < 0.0001). The mirror did not significantly increase UPE, neither before nor after the differentiation of nSc. As a conclusion, nSc have Upe-properties and the intensity is increased by serial passaging that are significant in the sixth passage. The AgNPs increases the UPE intensity of NSC that pushes more differentiation of NSC to the neurons. The mirror was not effective in enhancement of UPE. As a result, UPE measurement may be suitable for assessing and studying the effects of nanoparticles in living cells and neurons.

DPYSL2 is a novel regulator for neural stem cell differentiation in rats: revealed by Panax notoginseng saponin administration

“…NSCs (autologous or grafted) tend to differentiate into gliocytes rather than the neurons which are more valuable in the nervous system's recovery [39,51]. The development of the NSC therapy is therefore restricted, meaning the mechanisms of the NSC differentiation into neurons need to be elucidated [15]. So far, many signals and genes were demonstrably involved in the process of NSC differentiation, such as the bHLH gene, Notch signal, Wnt signal, MAPK signal, and even some micro-RNAs [5,12,45,46,54].…”

Effect of Methamphetamine on Ultraweak Photon Emission and Level of Reactive Oxygen Species in Male Rat Brain

“…The PMT is connected to a counter, which is also connected to the computer for data to be digitally visible. The specimen will be located in the dark room and the electronic equipments will be placed outside the dark room, so that no other light except the sample UPE could be measured by PMT (see Figure 2) [3].…”

“…It has been shown that almost all living systems spontaneously emits photons with a very low intensity with a flux of about a few to thousands of photons/cm 2 per second at wavelengths mostly in the range of 200-800 nm, called ultraweak photon emission (UPE) [1][2][3], which is an entirely distinct phenomenon from other known biological light emission processes, for instance, it is different from black body radiation (i.e. infra-red thermal energy) and bioluminescence (e.g.…”

Ultra-weak photon emission: a nondestructive detection tool for food quality and safety assessment

“…The emission of light by various living organisms was demonstrated by several previous investigations (Burgos et al, 2017;Cifra and Pospíšil, 2014;de Mello Gallep and Robert 2020;Esmaeilpour et al, 2020;Jia et al, 2020; Ultra-weak photon emission for food quality and safety assessment structure and quality. Therefore, the use of nondestructive methods has attracted many researchers (El-Mesery et al, 2019;Magwaza et al, 2013).…”