An Experimental Study in Chickens for the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis

Machida, Masafumi; Dubousset, Jean; Imamura, Yuya; Iwaya, Tsutomu; Yamada, Thoru; Kimura, Jun

doi:10.1097/00007632-199309000-00007

Cited by 140 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…Recently, Bagnall et al [2] also reported that the production of a scoliotic curvature in young chickens was not affected by MLT administration after pinealectomy. These results are in sharp contrast to those reported by Machida et al [19,21], who designed a similar study and found that pineal gland transplantation and MLT therapy following pinealectomy procedure prevented the development of spinal deformity. The reason for the differences between these two studies is not obvious, and such a confusing disparity warrants additional study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…Furthermore, there is an age-dependent alteration of its circadian secretion during the human lifetime. Since the first experiment by Thillard [30] in new-born chickens, the observation that pinealectomy leads to an experimental scoliosis in chickens similar to that in humans has led to this procedure being adopted as an attractive model used extensively in experimental research [1,2,3,11,14,15,18,19,20,21,22,23,33,34]. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of the development of spinal deformity after experimental pinealectomy in young chickens has so far not been clearly explained.…”

Section: Mehmet Turgut çIgdem Yenisey Aysegül Uysal Mehmet Bozkurt MImentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken

Turğut

Yenisey

Uysal

et al. 2003

European Spine Journal

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Pinealectomy frequently produces spinal deformity in some animal models, but the precise biological mechanism of this phenomenon remains obscure. The current study investigated the effects of an autograft pineal body on the development of spinal deformity and serum melatonin (MLT) concentration after pinealectomy in the chicken. Thirty-six chickens (2 days of age) were divided into three equal groups. While the removal of the pineal gland was performed in groups B and C, a pineal body autograft was surgically implanted into the body wall musculature only in the pineal transplantation group (group C). Chickens in which no surgical intervention was performed served as intact controls (group A). Posteroanterior radiographs of the spines of the chickens were taken at the age of 8 weeks. These were used to determine Cobb angles and to measure the rib-vertebra angles (RVA) on the concave and convex sides of the curves, from which data the difference between the convex and concave RVA (the RVAD) was calculated. At the end of the study, serum MLT levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and histopathological examination of specimens from all the groups was performed. The results were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's test for pairwise comparisons or by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U tests for comparisons between two groups. In this study, the serum MLT levels in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.05). However, scoliosis developed in only 7 of 12 (58%) in group B and 6 of 12 (50%) in group C. The average Cobb angle and RVAD in groups B and C were significantly larger than those found in group A (P=0.000 and P=0.001, respectively). Interestingly, there were no significant differences in either serum MLT levels or development of scoliosis between groups B and C. From the results of the current study, it is evident that the intramuscular pineal gland transplantation following pinealectomy in young Hybro Broiler chickens has no significant effect on the development of spinal deformity and serum MLT level. In the light of this result, the role of MLT in the development of spinal deformity in chickens after pinealectomy remains controversial, and further investigations are warranted.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: Mehmet Turgut çIgdem Yenisey Aysegül Uysal Mehmet Bozkurt MImentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken

Turğut

Yenisey

Uysal

et al. 2003

European Spine Journal

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“…The duration of the experiment causing spinal deformity in rabbits was established based on the work performed by Bigard et al [4], Joe [9], Kin [12] and Machida et al [16,17], who suggested that electrical stimulation should be carried out for 1-4 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overall duration of this experiment (3 months) was designed based on the results of similar studies in cats [3], rats [9], primates [4], rabbits [12] and chicken [16,17]. The length of the daily LESS therapy in the present study was based on the results of previous clinical trials in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased muscle tension occurs due to repeatedly firing a reflex arch in which stimulatory/inhibitory impulses from the supramedullary nervous centres to the motor units in the stimulated muscles are further enhanced/suppressed. These continuing changes in the tension of the paravertebral muscles may decrease, or completely eliminate, the spinal deformity [2,3,7,10,16,23]. Overnight stimulation regimens, applied for varying durations (1-4 months), have been used [1,2,6,10,18].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental scoliosis in the course of unilateral surface electrostimulation of the paravertebral muscles in rabbits: effects according to stimulation period

Kowalski¹,

Szarek

Zarzycki

et al. 2001

Eur Spine J

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Melatonin, adolescence, and the brain: An insight into the period‐specific influences of a multifunctional signaling molecule

Onaolapo

2017

Birth Defects Research

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Melatonin is a neurohormone that is involved in the modulation of a wide range of physiological processes, including maintenance of the circadian rhythm, mediation of photoperiodic information, regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, synchronization of cell physiology, antioxidant defense, and immune-modulation. Although there are reports of increasing use of melatonin in the management of a number of health conditions, evidence exists that is suggestive of deleterious effects of melatonin administration on brain and reproductive development in the prepubertal and pubertal periods that are within the teenage years. In this review, we examine the influences of endogenous and exogenous melatonin on the adolescent brain, with specific reference to its involvement in the evolution of brain functions, brain structure, sleep regulation, and modulation of behaviors in health or disease.

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An Experimental Study in Chickens for the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 140 publications

References 0 publications

The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken

The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken

Experimental scoliosis in the course of unilateral surface electrostimulation of the paravertebral muscles in rabbits: effects according to stimulation period

Melatonin, adolescence, and the brain: An insight into the period‐specific influences of a multifunctional signaling molecule

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