An experimental study of the biological effects of geomagnetic disturbances: The impact of a typical geomagnetic storm and its constituents on plants and animals

Delayed effect of geomagnetic storm simulation on size, mass and activity of digestive glycosidases in roach (Rutilus rutilusLinnaeus, 1758) underyearlings

“…The number of weak and moderate storms may be much greater (Le, Cai, Wang, & Zhu, ). It is believed that considerable fluctuations of GMF during GMSs affect the behavioral, physiological, biochemical, etc., parameters of animals (Chibisov, Cornelissen, & Halberg, ; Krylov, Zotov, et al., ; Muraveiko, Stepanyuk, & Zenzerov, ). In contrast with the local magnetic fields of anthropogenic origin, GMSs are recorded worldwide, including in marine and freshwater ecosystems.…”

“…A typical GMS is characterized by a sequence of phases: the initial phase is a slight increase in the strength of GMF in the horizontal component direction, the main phase is a relatively dramatic decrease in GMF strength, and the recovery phase is a slow recovery of GMF to its quiet time value (Akasofu & Chapman, ). It was recently found that organisms from different taxa respond principally to slow changes of GMF corresponding with the main phase and the initial period of the recovery phase of a GMS (Krylov, Zotov, et al., ).…”

“…The impact of a simulated GMS on R. rutilus embryos led to a decrease in length and weight of underyearlings, as well as changes in their vertebral phenotypes (Krylov, Chebotareva, Izyumov, Osipova, & Zotov, ). Due to the deficiency in data on the influence of GMS events on fish physiology and biochemistry, we began a series of research experiments aimed to reveal the effects of simulated GMSs on digestive enzymes in Cyprinidae fish (Filippov, Krylov, & Golovanova, ; Filippov et al., ; Golovanova, Philippov, Chebotareva, Izyumov, & Krylov, ; Krylov, Zotov, et al., ; Kuz'mina, Ushakova, & Krylov, ; Kuz'mina, Ushakova, Krylov, & Petrov, ). Delayed consequences of a treatment on embryos are a special interest for such studies, because early development is the most sensitive period affected by weak influences.…”

“…Earlier studies (Filippov et al., , ; Golovanova et al., ; Krylov, Zotov, et al., ; Krylov et al., ; Kuz'mina et al., ) were performed using a simulated GMS that corresponded to a strong natural GMS (an amplitude excursion of about 300 nT in the range of 0–5 Hz). However, no experimental research had yet been conducted on the biological effects caused by simulated GMSs with different intensities.…”

A simple geomagnetic field compensation system for uniform magnetic field applications

“…Many of these studies ideally require devices capable of generating uniform magnetic fields and furthermore guaranteeing a controlled and repeatable exposure to different samples involved in the experiment [4,5]In this sense, the arrangements of aircore coils have been traditionally used for this purpose, particularly circular and square geometries [6][7][8].…”