An experimental study of the cells and connections of the superior olivary complex of the cat

Stotler, W. A.

doi:10.1002/cne.900980303

Cited by 329 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We confirm that this inhibition is mainly targeted to the soma (Clark, 1969;Kapfer et al, 2002). Excitation onto bipolar MSO neurons, on the other hand, is compartmentalized according to the side of origin; contralateral excitation contacts the medial and ipsilateral excitation the lateral dendrite (Stotler, 1953). It is known that the excitatory drive onto one of these dendrites is sufficient to elicit an AP (Goldberg and Brown, 1969;Yin and Chan, 1990;Grothe and Sanes, 1993), which we estimate requires the simultaneous activation of 2-4 fibers with a total conductance of ϳ90 nS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Medial Superior Olivary Neurons Receive Surprisingly Few Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs with Balanced Strength and Short-Term Dynamics

Couchman

Grothe²,

Felmy³

2010

J. Neurosci.

110

118

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Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) process microsecond interaural time differences, the major cue for localizing low-frequency sounds, by comparing the relative arrival time of binaural, glutamatergic excitatory inputs. This coincidence detection mechanism is additionally shaped by highly specialized glycinergic inhibition. Traditionally, it is assumed that the binaural inputs are conveyed by many independent fibers, but such an anatomical arrangement may decrease temporal precision. Short-term depression on the other hand might enhance temporal fidelity during ongoing activity. For the first time we show that binaural coincidence detection in MSO neurons may require surprisingly few but strong inputs, challenging long-held assumptions about mammalian coincidence detection. This study exclusively uses adult gerbils for in vitro electrophysiology, single-cell electroporation and immunohistochemistry to characterize the size and short-term plasticity of inputs to the MSO. We find that the excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the MSO are well balanced both in strength and short-term dynamics, redefining this fastest of all mammalian coincidence detector circuits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Medial Superior Olivary Neurons Receive Surprisingly Few Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs with Balanced Strength and Short-Term Dynamics

Couchman

Grothe²,

Felmy³

2010

J. Neurosci.

110

118

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“…This is the first study to suggest that spherical and globular bushy cells may have projection targets outside of the superior olivary complex. Other studies have demonstrated that spherical bushy cells project to the medial and lateral superior olivary nuclei, while the globular bushy cells project to the opposite medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and the dors~)medial periolivary nucleus (Stotler, 1953;Harrison and Wart, 1962;Harrison and Irving, 1966;Morest, 1968;van Noort, 1969;Tolbert et al, 1982). Both projections are excitatory, producing responses in the target nuclei which resemble those of the bushy cells (e.g., Goldberg and Brown, 1969;Guinan et al, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Connections between the cochlear nuclei in guinea pig

et al. 1992

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This study provides a detailed analysis of the appearances and distributions of neurons projecting from one cochlear nucleus to the other. Injections of wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were made into ventral or dorsal cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig. Retrogradely labeled cells in the opposite cochlear nucleus were examined and quantified. Three major categories of labeled cells were discerned on the basis of their soma shape: elongate, round-to-oval, and polygonal. All injections resulted in widespread labeling of cells in all of these categories, but especially round-to-oval cells, in the opposite ventral cochlear nucleus and sparse labeling in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. The results suggest that there is a significant cochlear nucleus commissural projection involving heterogeneous cell types which could have diverse functions in binaural auditory signal processing.

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“…The supporting data include converging afferents from both cochlear nuclei (Goldberg and Brown 1968;Stotler 1953;Warr 1966), with identical types of synapses from either side (Clark 1969;Perkins 1973) and a majority of neurons that are excited by sound stimulation of either ear (Caird and Klinke 1983;Goldberg and Brown 1969;Langford 1984;Yin and Chan 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bilateral inhibition by glycinergic afferents in the medial superior olive

Grothe¹,

Sanes²

1993

Journal of Neurophysiology

118

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1. Coincidence-detection of excitatory synaptic potentials has long been considered to be the mechanism by which medial superior olivary (MSO) neurons compute interaural time differences. Here we demonstrate the contribution of synaptic inhibition in this circuit using a gerbil brain slice preparation. 2. Nearly all cells exhibited excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potentials (APs) after stimulation of either the ipsilateral or contralateral afferent pathway. In 44% of cells, the latency of APs depended on stimulus amplitude, exhibiting shifts of 0.25-2 ms. 3. Nearly all neurons (89%) exhibited stimulus-evoked synaptic inhibition. The inhibitory effects were enhanced at greater stimulus amplitudes and were usually able to block synaptically evoked APs. In addition, APs and EPSPs were reversibly blocked by delivering the inhibitory transmitter glycine in almost all tested cells (91%). 4. In the presence of the glycine antagonist strychnine, the effects of synaptic inhibition were suppressed. 5. The stimulus level-dependent inhibitory potentials influenced the probability that an MSO neuron would fire an AP, as well as the precise timing. Therefore, the present results have implications for the processing of interaural time differences by the MSO and at higher auditory centers.

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An experimental study of the cells and connections of the superior olivary complex of the cat

Cited by 329 publications

References 14 publications

Medial Superior Olivary Neurons Receive Surprisingly Few Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs with Balanced Strength and Short-Term Dynamics

Medial Superior Olivary Neurons Receive Surprisingly Few Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs with Balanced Strength and Short-Term Dynamics

Connections between the cochlear nuclei in guinea pig

Bilateral inhibition by glycinergic afferents in the medial superior olive

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