An experimental study on earth plasters for earthen building protection: The effects of different admixtures and surface treatments

Stazi, Francesca; Nacci, Andrea; Tittarelli, Francesca; Pasqualini, Erio; Munafò, Placido

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2015.07.009

Cited by 88 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In this study, an earthen material that showed a good consistency with earth used in vernacular cob buildings ( Figure 1) and that was adopted in previous works on cob [31,42] was used. is material is also similar to that adopted in other studies on cob [13,21]. Soil geotechnical data from testing are reported in Table 1 and Figure 2.…”

Section: Soil Typementioning

confidence: 74%

“…In the past, builders, thanks to their experience and to the legacy orally transmitted by previous builders [39][40][41], had a specific knowledge on how to choose earth material for cob constructions. is knowledge is today partially lost in West countries, but it is still possible to learn from historic earthen buildings by means of geotechnical analyses [13,30].…”

Section: Soil Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Damage to earthen structures can be caused by several environmental factors, mainly due to rainfall in combination with other factors or abandonment state [9][10][11][12][13]. ese buildings are also characterized by a very low resistance against seismic lateral forces due to the low tensile and shear strengths of soil that in the past caused losses and casualties [3][4][5][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and FEM Investigation of Cob Walls under Compression

Quagliarini

Maracchini

2018

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Earth has been used as construction material since prehistoric times, and it is still utilized nowadays in both developed and developing countries. Heritage conservation purposes and its intrinsic environmental benefits have led researchers to investigate the mechanical behaviour of this material. However, while a lot of works concern with rammed earth, CEB, and adobe techniques, very few studies are directed towards cob, which is an alternative to the more diffused rammed earth and adobe in specific geographic conditions. Due to this lack, this paper presents an experimental program aimed at assessing the failure mode and the main mechanical properties of cob earth walls (compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) through monotonic axial compression tests. Results show that, if compared with CEB, adobe, and rammed earth, cob has the lowest compressive strength, the lowest modulus of elasticity, and Poisson’s ratio. Differences are also found by comparing results with those obtained for other cob techniques, underlining both the high regional variability of cob and the need of performing more research on this topic. A strong dependence of material properties on loading rate and water content seems to exist too. Finally, the ability of a common analytical method used for masonry structures (an FEM macromodelling with a total strain rotating crack model) to represent the mechanical behaviour of cob walls is showed.

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Section: Soil Typementioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Soil Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and FEM Investigation of Cob Walls under Compression

Quagliarini

Maracchini

2018

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…Much research has been done to improve the physical properties of water absorption and capillarity in adobe using several stabilizers: Vilane (2010), Piattoni et al (2011), Millogo et al (2014, Corrêa et al (2015), Aguilar el al. (2016), Dove et al (2016), Hamard et al (2016), Laborel-Préneron et al (2016), Millogo et al (2016), Stazi et al (2016), Eires et al (2017) and Nakamatsu et al (2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Adobe Stabilized With “Synthetic Termite Saliva”

et al. 2019

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Adobe is an efficient construction material for several reasons, such as its thermal comfort, sustainability, and lower energy cost, as well as the simplicity of its production and execution. However, challenges such as water absorption, capillarity, and compressive strength should be investigated to improve its physical and mechanical properties. "Synthetic termite saliva" (STS) is an excellent stabilizer with high cohesive and hydrophobic power. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of STS incorporation into adobe, analyzing its physical, mechanical and thermal properties. Five treatments were studied: 0 (control); 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 and 0.8% STS by mass. These adobe samples were evaluated according to bulk density, linear shrinkage, capillarity, water absorption, thermal conductivity and compressive strength, according to Norma Técnica de Edificación (NTE) E0.80 testing using a new methodology. Linear shrinkage decreases from 2.7 to 1.91 cm with 0.4% STS. Capillarity decreases with the increasing amounts of STS. Water absorption decreased from 12.03 to 6.31% using 0.4% STS, and its mass was reduced from 779 to 19 grams. The thermal conductivity showed no differences between concentrations. The compressive strength was reduced but was still acceptable based on NTE E.080. The stabilization of the adobe using STS showed an improvement in its physical properties, mainly due to its hydrophobic power.

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“…Among the challenges, adobe presents low compressive strength and high water absorption. Researchers analyse various stabilizers (some as a form of waste) to improve such properties of adobe (Millogo et al, 2014;Corrêa et al, 2015;Danso et al, 2015;Aguilar et al, 2016;Dove et al, 2016;Hamard et al, 2016;Laborel-Préneron et al, 2016;Millogo et al, 2016;Stazi et al, 2016;Eires et al, 2017;Nakamatsu et al, 2017;Gandia et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Adobe Stabilized With the Sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plants

et al. 2019

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The need for treated water is essential for life. With the constant increase in population, the most common way to purify surface water is through conventional water treatment plants (WTPs). The high volume of residue (sludge) generated in this process is most often returned to the catchment site, negatively affecting the ecosystem. The sludge of WTPs is similar to soil because it is composed of inorganic solids. Adobe is a construction material made from water and soil without the burning process, so it is considered sustainable, recyclable, and energy-efficient and can be stabilized with various materials. Therefore, the objective of this work is to develop adobes using the sludge of WTPs and to analyse their physical, mechanical and thermal properties. Adobes were produced with five concentrations of sludge by mass: 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7%. It was observed that with the increase in the sludge concentration, there was an increase in the capillarity and a decrease in mass, the water absorption was limited to 3% of sludge, and there was an increase in the bulk density. The linear shrinkage, thermal conductivity and compressive strength were not influenced. The addition of WTP sludge altered some properties of adobe. The use of WTP sludge in adobe is limited to 3%; above that, the adobe becomes unstable in relation to water. Therefore, the use of WTP sludge in the manufacture of adobe is feasible in controlled concentrations and is a sustainable use of the residue.

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An experimental study on earth plasters for earthen building protection: The effects of different admixtures and surface treatments

Cited by 88 publications

References 21 publications

Experimental and FEM Investigation of Cob Walls under Compression

Experimental and FEM Investigation of Cob Walls under Compression

Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Adobe Stabilized With “Synthetic Termite Saliva”

Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Adobe Stabilized With the Sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plants

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