An experimental study on micro-structural and geotechnical characteristics of expansive clay mixed with EPS granules

Tiwari, Nitin; Satyam, Neelima; Shukla, Sanjay Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2020.03.012

Cited by 60 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It can be observed that the failure pattern changed with the stabilization of peat. Moreover, the failure behavior changed with binder dosages due to changes in density [ 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implementation of Industrial Byproduct in Malaysian Peat Improvement: A Sustainable Soil Stabilization Approach

et al. 2021

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Peat is a well-known problematic soil associated with poor engineering properties. Its replacement with an expensive competent foundation material is practiced for road embankment construction which is costly and causes greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, this paper investigated the effectiveness of a byproduct from a metal industry (silica fume) to stabilize peat along with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) through a series of experimental tests. After peat-indexed characterization, a number of standard compaction and mechanical tests were performed on the stabilized and parent peat. For this purpose, nine designated mixes were prepared possessing various combinations of silica fume (SF) and 10–20% OPC. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing to assess strength enhancement and binder effectiveness, and the microstructural evolution induced by the binders was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis revealed a substantial improvement in mechanical properties with the incorporation of SF and OPC, ultimately meeting the minimum strength requirement for highway construction (i.e., 345 kPa). A peak UCS of 1063.94 kPa was recorded at 20% SF, and an unsoaked CBR value of 42.95 was observed using 15% SF and 15% OPC after 28 days of curing. Furthermore, the increasing percentage of hydraulic binders exhibited brittle, collapsible failure, while the microstructural study revealed the formation of a dense matrix with a refined pore structure in the treated peat. Finally, a significant statistical analysis was carried out by correlating the test parameters. In this way, rather than stockpiling and dumping, an industrial byproduct was implemented in peat stabilization in an eco-friendly manner.

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“…It can be observed that the failure pattern changed with the stabilization of peat. Moreover, the failure behavior changed with binder dosages due to changes in density [ 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implementation of Industrial Byproduct in Malaysian Peat Improvement: A Sustainable Soil Stabilization Approach

et al. 2021

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“…The IR spectra of each mellowing period have been compared with for BC-3 soil. The IR range of 500–1200 cm −1 shows the mineral, 1200–3000 cm −1 organic matters and 3500–4000 cm −1 clay minerals 21 . The hydroxyl group of kaolinite and illite has been observed in the IR band of 3092–3717 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various industrial waste and traditional materials such as lime, bottom ash, fly ash, pond ash, biochar, silica fume cement are majorly used to stabilize the expansive soil 16 – 20 . The various mechanical stabilization, i.e., geosynthetic installation, fiber reinforcement, EPS reinforcement, compaction, are also used as viable stabilization methods 21 – 25 . Although these techniques have shown a high improvement in the expansive soil, these chemical stabilizers also adversely affect the environment 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-mechanical performance evaluation of expansive soil biotreated with indigenous bacteria using MICP method

Tiwari

Satyam

Sharma

2021

Sci Rep

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This study explored the effect of indigenous bacteria present in the soil to stabilized swelling behavior and improving the mechanical property of expansive soil. The objective of the research is to investigate the effectiveness of the biostimulation microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) for controlling the swelling-shrinkage behavior and improving shear strength of expansive soil. An attempt was made to develop an effective procedure to culture the indigenous bacteria for treating clays with varying plasticity and improve their engineering behavior. The detailed procedure has been investigated to effectively apply the MICP technique in clay soil, considering its low permeable nature. The applicability of biostimulation to clayey soils in minimizing their swelling potential and improving the strength is assessed. Both macroscale and microscale studies were conducted on untreated and biostimulated soils to observe changes in plasticity, strength, swelling, mineralogical, chemical characteristics. The present method has shown an effective alternative to improve the road pavement subgrade without affecting the eco-system of natural soil. The method investigated the effective way of providing the enrichment and cementation solution in clayey soil, which is the major concern in current literature. The study confirms that the calcite content has been increased with biostimulated MICP treatment up to 205% in the treated specimens and which future increased the unconfined compressive strength and split tensile strength. A reduction in the swelling pressure and swell strain is also observed. The results show that a cost-effect and eco-friendly method can be deployed for stabilizing the road pavement subgrades. The statistical assessment using multivariate analysis and hierarchical clustering dendrogram has been carried out to investigate the effect of the MICP treatment protocol on different soil and engineering parameters.

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“…Based on results of Tanzadeh et al [21], the optimal weight percentages for lime powder and lime nanoparticles were approximately 4 and 1, respectively, when they were combined with clay. The swelling pressure, expansion percentage, and time rate of swell decrease, whereas the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increases with the addition of expanded polystyrene (EPS) to soils [22]. Silica fume (SF) and polypropylene (PP) have been shown to be effective at reinforcing soils and show promise in environmentally friendly road work applications [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Mechanical and Microscopic Properties of Modified Silty Clay under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

et al. 2022

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Silty clay can be found in the alpine region of the Qinghai province, China, where it is subject to annual freeze-thaw cycles. To investigate the static mechanical properties of silty clay modified by basalt fiber and basalt powder under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, triaxial compression tests and scanning electron microscope tests were conducted on the soil. The test results revealed that varying the number of freeze-thaw cycles resulted to different effects on the soil mechanical strength, which tended to increase after 2 cycles, but then tended to decline when subjected to 5–10 cycles. After 20 freeze-thaw cycles, soil strength reached a dynamic equilibrium state. The shear strength of basalt fiber soil and basalt powder soil increased by 7.55% and 5.12%, respectively, compared with that of normal soil under 30 freeze-thaw cycles. Subsequently increasing of the number of freeze-thaw cycles differentially affected the cohesion and internal friction angle of normal soil and admixture soils, and these soils gradually tended to stabilize at a mechanical strength higher than the initial value. Basalt fibers reinforced the soil to a higher degree than basalt powder at a dosage of 0.4% based on dry soil mass. The stress-strain curves of the three soil types can be simulated using the hyperbolic model. The results of the study can provide some theoretical reference for practical engineering in seasonal frozen soil areas.

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An experimental study on micro-structural and geotechnical characteristics of expansive clay mixed with EPS granules

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

The Implementation of Industrial Byproduct in Malaysian Peat Improvement: A Sustainable Soil Stabilization Approach

The Implementation of Industrial Byproduct in Malaysian Peat Improvement: A Sustainable Soil Stabilization Approach

Micro-mechanical performance evaluation of expansive soil biotreated with indigenous bacteria using MICP method

Study of the Mechanical and Microscopic Properties of Modified Silty Clay under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

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