An experimental study on the vertical transmission of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus from naturally infected females to their offspring

Hasegawa, M. Y.; Lara, Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold; Lobos, Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villa; Gaeta, Natália Carrillo; Hayashi, Mika; Shirayama, Laíz; Castro, Roberto Soares de; Gregory, Lílian

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.01.010

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In addition, AGID test failed to detect seropositive animals, while WB identified 1.4% of seropositive goat kids, which suggests that AGID is not an adequate test to detect anti-CAEV antibodies in newborn goat kids. HASEGAWA et al (2017) used the AGID test associated with ELISA and nested-PCR to evaluate the vertical transmission of goat nannies to the offspring. Five goat nannies infected with CAEV were inseminated with fresh semen obtained from a negative goat buck.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus transmission in newborn goat kids

et al. 2018

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ABSTRACT:Caprine arthritis encephalitis causes considerable losses in goat production. The main form of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus transmission is through the ingestion of colostrum or milk from infected females. However, some transmissions cannot be explained in this manner. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate transplacental transmission of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. Blood samples were collected from 283 newborn kids of Anglo-Nubian and Saanen breeds born from seropositive and seronegative goats. Samples were collected immediately after birth and analyzed with agarose gel immunodiffusion and western blot. All samples were negative in the agarose gel immunodiffusion. However, the western blot test demonstrated that four kids were born positive for caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. This result indicates that although in a low frequency (1.4%), there is a possibility of transplacental transmission of small ruminant lentivirus.KEYWORDS: small ruminant lentivirus; agarose gel immunodiffusion; western blot. RESUMO:A artrite encefalite caprina causa perdas considerá-veis para a produção caprina. A principal forma de transmissão do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina é a ingestão de colostro ou leite de fêmeas infectadas. No entanto, algumas transmissões não podem ser explicadas por esta via. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a transmissão do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina por via transplacentária (vertical). Foram realizadas coletas de sangue em 283 crias recém-nascidas das raças Anglo-Nubiana e Saanen, provenientes de progenitores soropositivos e soronegativos. As amostras foram coletadas logo após o nascimento e analisadas pelas técnicas de imunodifusão em gel de agarose e western blot. No teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose, nenhum cabrito foi detectado reagente. Porém, no teste de western blot, quatro cabritos nasceram soropositivos. Esse resultado indica que, apesar de baixa frequência (1,4%), existe a possibilidade de transmissão via transplacentária do lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes; imunodifusão em gel de agarose; western blot.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus transmission in newborn goat kids

et al. 2018

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“…The WB test provides better results in detecting the disease when compared with AGID (Rodrigues et al, 2014). In a study that demonstrated vertical transmission of the virus to goats, no animal was positive by serological methods during the 12 months of evaluation, whereas 50% of the evaluated animals were positive in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Hasegawa et al, 2017). In the early stages of infection, the concentration of antibodies is low or even non-existent (Adams et al, 1983) and, in some cases, antibodies can be detected only 18 months after molecular detection (Wagter, Jansen, Bleumink-Pluym, Lenstra & Houwers, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study with sheep, Broughton-Neiswanger et al (2010) identified that 85.7% to 90% of the offspring that became infected contracted the disease through horizontal transmission. Transplacental transmission has been reported, and the importance of this route was evidenced in a study conducted by Hasegawa et al (2017). Preventing the contact between infected dams and their offspring at the time of kidding is a difficult measure to implement, since, in most cases, farms do not have enough manpower to perform this task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another aspect that should be considered important on farms that aim to control CAE is not to allow offspring from positive and negative dams to remain in the same facilities after birth as well as separate them according to the serological status of the dams since birth. Animals that were eventually infected vertically can transmit the virus to other animals horizontally, as strong current evidence points to vertical transmission of the virus (Hasegawa et al, 2017). This measure is not determined in control programs, with emphasis being placed only on the separation between the kid and the dam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of measures to control caprine arthritis-encephalitis in dairy herd with high clinical and serological prevalence

Alcindo

Simões

Pinheiro

et al. 2020

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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This study examined the effectiveness of control measures for caprine arthritis-encephalitis in a herd with 431 dairy goats in an intensive rearing system. All animals older than six months were initially tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and separated into seropositive and seronegative. Control measures were implemented for two years and ten months. Five serological examinations were subsequently performed two by AGID and three by the Western Blot (WB) technique. In these tests, animals that tested negative in the previous serological examination were evaluated along with those older than six months which had not yet been examined. The effectiveness of control was evaluated based on the incidence of the disease. Seroconverted animals were stratified according to age, physiological status and dam serology. For the effect of time, logistic regression was performed at the 5% significance level, with values converted into likelihood. General incidence and incidence as a function of age and physiological status were evaluated by analysis of variance, with means compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. The ratio test was used for incidence and physiological status, and the agreement between the AGID and WB tests was determined by the Kappa coefficient. Animals that seroconverted and were born to positive dams were compared with those born to dams negative at birth by the Chi-square test, and the same was applied for the number of discarded animals. Initially, 54.24% (179/330) positive and 257 seroconverted animals were identified after the start of control. Higher incidence occurred in the animals aged between 13 and 36 months and in lactating does. Seroconversions among offspring of seropositive dams were higher than in the offspring of seronegative dams (p < 0.001). High infection rates were identified in the sires. The obtained results were not satisfactory, as the measures did not help to prevent new cases, indicating that there are moments of infection yet to be elucidated. On farms that aim to control the disease, the following measures are required in addition to those already recommended: use of diagnostic tests with less frequency; application of high-sensitivity tests in the offspring; immediate separation of kids from dams at birth; separation of kids according to the serological status of the dams; inclusion of kids from unsupervised births in the group of kids from positive dams; and keeping positive and negative animals on different farms or greatly distanced. In herds for which there is an intention to establish control, it is important to determine whether the productive losses associated with the disease are greater than the costs of implementing more efficient measures.

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“…Thus, it is possible to deduce that a similar situation may occur in vivo, since uterine goat epithelial cells have already shown susceptibility to infection by SRLV in in vivo tests [21]. This hypothesis is reinforced with the detection of proviral DNA in six offspring from parents carrying SRLV [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Vertical transmissibility of small ruminant lentivirus

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to evaluate by means of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR), co-cultivation and sequencing, with genetic comparison between strains (mother/newborn), the occurrence of vertical transmission of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) from naturally occurring nannies infected for their offspring. For the detection of SRLV seropositive progenitors, blood was collected from 42 nannies in the final third of gestation in tubes with and without anticoagulant. The diagnostic tests used were Western Blot (WB) and nPCR. During the period of birth, the same blood collection procedure was performed on 73 newborns at zero hours of birth, with the same diagnostic tests. Seventeen blood samples from seven-day-old kids, proven positive for SRLV by nPCR, chosen at random, were subjected to coculture in goat synovial membrane (GSM) cells for 105 days. The pro-viral DNA extracted from the cell supernatant from the coculture was subjected to nPCR. For DNA sequencing from the nPCR products, nine positive samples were chosen at random, four nannies with their respective offspring, also positive. Each sample was performed in triplicate, thus generating 27 nPCR products of which only 19 were suitable for analysis. Among the 42 pregnant goats, in 50% (21/42) pro-viral DNA was detected by nPCR, while in the WB, only 7.14% (3/42) presented antibodies against SRLV. Regarding neonates, of the 73 kids, 34 (46.57%) were positive for the virus, using the nPCR technique, while in the serological test (WB), three positive animals (4.10%) were observed. The coculture of the 17 samples with a positive result in the nPCR was confirmed in viral isolation by amplification of the SRLV pro-viral DNA. When aligned, the pro-viral DNA sequences (nannies and their respective offspring) presented homology in relation to the standard strain CAEV Co. It was concluded that the transmission of SRLV through intrauterine route was potentially the source of infection in the newborn goats.

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An experimental study on the vertical transmission of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus from naturally infected females to their offspring

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus transmission in newborn goat kids

Evaluation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus transmission in newborn goat kids

Efficacy of measures to control caprine arthritis-encephalitis in dairy herd with high clinical and serological prevalence

Vertical transmissibility of small ruminant lentivirus

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