An exploration on the toxicity mechanisms of phytotoxins and their potential utilities

Chen, Huiling; Singh, Harpreet; Bhardwaj, Neha; Bhardwaj, Sanjeev K.; Khatri, Madhu; Kim, Ki‐Hyun; Peng, Wanxi

doi:10.1080/10643389.2020.1823172

Cited by 44 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…In nature, the level of plant-defensive compounds varies by species and is determined by the plant’s genotype, growing circumstances, and phenology. Plant allelochemicals impose a very strong selection pressure on herbivorous insects and the microbiota in their guts, which is particularly important for their survival ( Douglas, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2022 ), for example, a study discovered that symbionts such as Phenylobacterium , Ochrobactrum , Erwinia , Amycolatopsis , and Sediminibacterium spp. may play critical roles in the metabolism of tea saponins, according to the findings.…”

Section: Role Of Gut Microbiota In Tolerance and Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review

et al. 2022

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Insect pests cause significant agricultural and economic losses to crops worldwide due to their destructive activities. Pesticides are designed to be poisonous and are intentionally released into the environment to combat the menace caused by these noxious pests. To survive, these insects can resist toxic substances introduced by humans in the form of pesticides. According to recent findings, microbes that live in insect as symbionts have recently been found to protect their hosts against toxins. Symbioses that have been formed are between the pests and various microbes, a defensive mechanism against pathogens and pesticides. Insects’ guts provide unique conditions for microbial colonization, and resident bacteria can deliver numerous benefits to their hosts. Insects vary significantly in their reliance on gut microbes for basic functions. Insect digestive tracts are very different in shape and chemical properties, which have a big impact on the structure and composition of the microbial community. Insect gut microbiota has been found to contribute to feeding, parasite and pathogen protection, immune response modulation, and pesticide breakdown. The current review will examine the roles of gut microbiota in pesticide detoxification and the mechanisms behind the development of resistance in insects to various pesticides. To better understand the detoxifying microbiota in agriculturally significant pest insects, we provided comprehensive information regarding the role of gut microbiota in the detoxification of pesticides.

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Section: Role Of Gut Microbiota In Tolerance and Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…Phytotoxic secondary metabolites from fungi (or called fungal phytotoxins) are toxic compounds to plants produced by fungi, especially by plant fungal pathogens responsible for serious diseases of agrarian and forest plants causing significant economical losses [ 1 ]. Fungal phytotoxins play an important role in the development of plant disease symptoms, inclduing leaf spots, wilting, chlorosis, necrosis, and growth inhibition and promotion [ 2 , 3 ]. Their chemical and biological characterizations as well as the structure–activity relations and modes of action can help us to deeply investigate plant-pathogen interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Xue

Shen

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly isolated from phytopathogenic fungal species in the genera of Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Phoma. Phytotoxins are either host specific or non-host specific phytotoxins. Up to now, at least 545 fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites, including 207 polyketides, 46 phenols and phenolic acids, 135 terpenoids, 146 nitrogen-containing metabolites, and 11 others, have been reported. Among them, aromatic polyketides and sesquiterpenoids are the main phytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes their chemical structures, sources, and phytotoxic activities. We also discuss their phytotoxic mechanisms and structure–activity relationships to lay the foundation for the future development and application of these promising metabolites as herbicides.

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“…While amygdalin ( 65 ) has mainly been investigated as a potential anticancer agent, studies focusing on linamarin ( 1 ) are mainly related to agriculture. Here, linamarin ( 1 ), a side product from making cassava safe for human consumption, has been tested as herbicides and bio-pesticides [ 104 ].…”

Section: Bioactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Diversity of Plant Cyanogenic Glycosides: An Overview of Reported Natural Products

Yulvianti

Zidorn

2021

Molecules

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Cyanogenic glycosides are an important and widespread class of plant natural products, which are however structurally less diverse than many other classes of natural products. So far, 112 naturally occurring cyanogenic glycosides have been described in the phytochemical literature. Currently, these unique compounds have been reported from more than 2500 plant species. Natural cyanogenic glycosides show variations regarding both the aglycone and the sugar part of the molecules. The predominant sugar moiety is glucose but many substitution patterns of this glucose moiety exist in nature. Regarding the aglycone moiety, four different basic classes can be distinguished, aliphatic, cyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic aglycones. Our overview covers all cyanogenic glycosides isolated from plants and includes 33 compounds with a non-cyclic aglycone, 20 cyclopentane derivatives, 55 natural products with an aromatic aglycone, and four dihydropyridone derivatives. In the following sections, we will provide an overview about the chemical diversity known so far and mention the first source from which the respective compounds had been isolated. This review will serve as a first reference for researchers trying to find new cyanogenic glycosides and highlights some gaps in the knowledge about the exact structures of already described compounds.

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An exploration on the toxicity mechanisms of phytotoxins and their potential utilities

Cited by 44 publications

References 181 publications

Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review

Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Chemical Diversity of Plant Cyanogenic Glycosides: An Overview of Reported Natural Products

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