An exploratory study of bust measurements during running using 4D scanning technology

Pei, Jie; Griffin, Linsey; Ashdown, Susan P.; Fan, Jintu; Juhnke, Bethany; Curry, Christopher

doi:10.1080/17543266.2021.1938699

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(1) ANOVA results show that for all seven measurements, just as the circumferential measurements (Pei et al, 2021), the nine dynamic frames do not have significantly different means. Yet again, individual variability can play a more dominating role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In this paper, we followed the protocol developed by Pei et al (2021) to handle 4D body scan data for product development purposes. While in their research three traditionally-adopted breast measurements (namely bust, underbust, overbust circumferences) were investigated (Pei et al , 2021), seven non-traditional measurements, including four linear measurements and three angular measurements, were selected in this study, to enhance the current understanding of the shape change of breasts under motion. A few conclusions are summarized as bellow:ANOVA results show that for all seven measurements, just as the circumferential measurements (Pei et al , 2021), the nine dynamic frames do not have significantly different means.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While in their research three traditionally-adopted breast measurements (namely bust, underbust, overbust circumferences) were investigated (Pei et al , 2021), seven non-traditional measurements, including four linear measurements and three angular measurements, were selected in this study, to enhance the current understanding of the shape change of breasts under motion. A few conclusions are summarized as bellow:ANOVA results show that for all seven measurements, just as the circumferential measurements (Pei et al , 2021), the nine dynamic frames do not have significantly different means. Yet again, individual variability can play a more dominating role.For width-underbust, chest-depth, vertical-acromion and AngleABD, more than half of the dynamic frames (≥5) present a significant difference with the static frame (pairwise t -test with Bonferroni correction).Although width-bust and angle BPs present no significant difference between the means of the static frame and those of any dynamic frames, the static measurement is still not a good representation for the dynamic measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the extract same protocol developed by previous researchers (Pei et al , 2021), nine frames of 3D body scans which formed a complete gait cycle were selected from all the dynamic scans captured by the 3dMD scanner at each instant moment. In addition, one static scan (in upright standing posture) was obtained for comparison purposes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The locations of 17 landmarks (Pei et al , 2020) were identified for the nine dynamic frames and the one static frame. Following the exact same procedure (Pei et al , 2021), the body scans were processed to remove the limbs, head and neck, leaving only the torso section. Holes on the torso (excluding the arm holes and the neck hole) were filled manually (Pei et al , 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring dynamic breast measurements obtained from 4D body scanning

Pei

Griffin

Ashdown

et al. 2021

IJCST

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the shape change of breast during movement to inform product development of bras and other female wearable products.Design/methodology/approachUsing the latest 4D body scanning technology, the authors monitored the change of seven non-circumferential breast measurements, including four linear measurements (widths, depth, etc.) and three angular measurements, across nine dynamic scans of a complete gait cycle during running. A series of statistical analysis were conducted to thoroughly investigate the measurement values in dynamic states compared with values extracted from static 3D scans.FindingsMajor findings are as follows: (1) For width-underbust, chest-depth, vertical-acromion and angle ABD, more than half of the dynamic frames presents a significant difference with the static frame. (2) Width-underbust and chest-depth measured in static can underestimate the actual values under motion. (3) vertical-acromion presents a W-shaped general trend for the nine dynamic frames with peaks observed at the keyframes (i.e. when a participant's right or left knee bends the most and rises to its highest level) and lows at the intermediate frames. (4) Angle ABD and angle BAD both present an M-shaped general trend, the exact opposite of a W-shaped trend.Originality/valueWhile 3D body scanning and motion capture systems have both contributed significantly to the study of breast, 4D body scanning incorporates the advantages of both technologies and captures the 3D surface of the body during movement at each instant moment. This is one of the first studies that adopt the new technology for apparel applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Monitoring dynamic breast measurements obtained from 4D body scanning

Pei

Griffin

Ashdown

et al. 2021

IJCST

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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A Comparison Study of Nipple–Areolar Complex Measurement: Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Camera Versus Photometry

Kim,

Na,

Kang

et al. 2023

Aesth Plast Surg

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Ultra-dense Motion Capture: An exploratory full-automatic approach for dense tracking of breast motion in 4D

Liu,

Yick,

Sun

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Understanding the dynamic deformation pattern and biomechanical properties of breasts is crucial in various fields, including designing ergonomic bras and customized prostheses, as well as in clinical practice. Previous studies have recorded and analyzed the dynamic behaviors of the breast surface using 4D scanning, which provides a sequence of 3D meshes during movement with high spatial and temporal resolutions. However, these studies are limited by the lack of robust and automated data processing methods which result in limited data coverage or error-prone analysis results. To address this issue, we identify revealing inter-frame dense correspondence as the core challenge towards conducting reliable and consistent analysis of the 4D scanning data. We proposed a fully-automatic approach named Ulta-dense Motion Capture (UdMC) using Thin-plate Spline (TPS) to augment the sparse landmarks recorded via motion capture (MoCap) as initial dense correspondence and then rectified it with a sophisticated post-alignment scheme. Two downstream tasks are demonstrated to validate its applicability: virtual landmark tracking and deformation intensity analysis. For evaluation, a dynamic 4D human breast anthropometric dataset DynaBreastLite was constructed. The results show that our approach can robustly capture the dynamic deformation characteristics of the breast surfaces, significantly outperforms baselines adapted from previous works in terms of accuracy, consistency, and efficiency. For 10 fps dataset, average error of 0.25 cm on control-landmarks and 0.33 cm on non-control (arbitrary) landmarks were achieved, with 17-70 times faster computation time. Evaluation was also carried out on 60 fps and 120 fps datasets, with consistent and large performance gaining being observed. The proposed method may contribute to advancing research in breast anthropometry, biomechanics, and ergonomics by enabling more accurate tracking of the breast surface deformation patterns and dynamic characteristics.

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An exploratory study of bust measurements during running using 4D scanning technology

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Monitoring dynamic breast measurements obtained from 4D body scanning

Monitoring dynamic breast measurements obtained from 4D body scanning

A Comparison Study of Nipple–Areolar Complex Measurement: Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Camera Versus Photometry

Ultra-dense Motion Capture: An exploratory full-automatic approach for dense tracking of breast motion in 4D

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