An exploratory study of software sustainability dimensions and characteristics

Aljarallah, Sulaiman; Lock, Russell

doi:10.1145/3239235.3239240

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The social dimension is often ignored when sociotechnical systems, such as EVs, are designed [132], yet the findings of this study suggest that this is a significant barrier in the Saudi context. Part of the difficulty related to systems engineering lies in separating a system from its context, especially one which is designed for general consumers, who may be ignorant of its technical and environmental capabilities [133,134]. The qualitative data indicate that lack of consumer awareness about EVs may impact purchasing decisions, and this finding is supported in the literature [135].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Identification of Potential Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption in Oil-Producing Nations—The Case of Saudi Arabia

Alotaibi

Omer

2022

Electricity

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are important elements in the global strategy to tackle climate change; however, research often fails to sufficiently identify the range of barriers which affect their adoption. Taking Saudi Arabia as a case study, this paper analyses responses from 698 potential drivers in order to identify and rank the infrastructure, performance, financial, social, and policy barriers to EV adoption in a major oil-producing nation with a hot climate and a desert terrain. According to this study’s findings, the most important barriers in this context are the lack of charging infrastructure and the additional load placed on the national grid, while others include the safety and effectiveness of batteries at high temperatures, and the ability of EVs to perform in desert conditions. Common themes also include concerns that EVs may damage Saudi’s oil-based economy, cost of purchase and maintenance, low resale value, and the absence of awareness about EVs. The study concludes that EV manufacturers must demonstrate that their vehicles are suitable for the Saudi climate. Governments should also provide subsidies, or other incentives, to promote adoption of EVs as the study also found that variations in the cost of different EV models in Saudi Arabia, for example, the Tesla Model 3, is up to 40% more expensive to own than a Toyota Camry, mean that owning EVs can cost significantly more than small sized internal combustion engine-based vehicles (ICEVs). This paper identifies and ranks the barriers to EV ownership in a desert nation which is a leading petroleum producer and compares the relative costs of EVs and ICEVs in the country. As such, it has immediate relevance in countries with similar economic, geographic, and climatic conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Identification of Potential Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption in Oil-Producing Nations—The Case of Saudi Arabia

Alotaibi

Omer

2022

Electricity

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“…Consequently, sustainability becomes essential to include in software development, and there is a demand for more attention on raising awareness about, and how to innovate, green and sustainable software to support achievement of the SDGs by 2030 . Thus, the identification of software development sustainability requirements is considered a crucial topic that has been investigated and discussed in various countries, such as Brazil [14], [15], Pakistan [16], and Saudi Arabia [17], [18]. According to [19], there is no common understanding about the definition of sustainability in the context of requirements engineering.…”

Section: ) Why Sustainable Software Development?mentioning

confidence: 99%

BERT-Based Approach for Greening Software Requirements Engineering Through Non-Functional Requirements

Subahi

2023

IEEE Access

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The incorporation of sustainability principles during the requirements engineering phase of the development life cycle constitutes greening software requirements. This incorporation can have a variety of effects on the software design employed in modern and cutting-edge information technology (IT) systems. When sustainability principles are incorporated into requirements engineering, software design priorities can change and address current design issues such as energy and resource consumption, modularity, maintainability, and adaptability. In contrast to other green approaches that consider sustainable development, there is a further need to investigate the relationship between software development and the relevant green principles of sustainability during the requirements engineering phase. We present a new mechanism for mapping software nonfunctional requirements (NFRs) to defined dimensions of green software sustainability, consisting of two mapping steps: 1) between NFRs and sustainability dimensions; and 2) between sustainability dimensions and two clusters of green IT aspects defined in this work. The overall architecture of the promising approach is based on the use of the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) language model with an expanded dataset. We consider transfer learning and domainspecific fine-tuning capabilities for constructing and evaluating a model specifically tailored for developing a proof of concept of the greening software requirements engineering task, as language models have recently emerged as a potent technique in the field of software engineering, with numerous applications in code analysis, automated documentation, and code generation. In addition, we test the model's performance using an extended version of the PROMISE_exp dataset after adding a new binary classification column for categorizing sustainability dimensions into two defined clusters: Eco-technical and Socioeconomic, and having a selected domain expert label the raw data. The model's efficiency is evaluated using four matrices-1) accuracy; 2) precision; 3) recall; and 4) F1 score-across a variety of epoch and batch sizes. Our numerical results demonstrate the viability of the approach in text classification tasks via performing well in mapping NFRs to software sustainability dimensions. This acts as a proof of concept for automating the sustainability measurement of software awareness at the early development stage. In addition, the results emphasize the importance of domain-specific fine-tuning and transfer learning for obtaining high performance in classification tasks in requirements engineering.

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“…Research into what makes software sustainable is a growing field [4]- [6]. Software sustainability covers a broad range of concepts, related to both environmental sustainability [4], and the longevity of a codebase [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Makes Research Software Sustainable? An Interview Study with Research Software Engineers

Souza

Haines

Vigo

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE/ACM 12th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE)

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Software is now a vital scientific instrument, providing the tools for data collection and analysis across disciplines from bioinformatics and computational physics, to the humanities. The software used in research is often home-grown and bespoke: it is constructed for a particular project, and rarely maintained beyond this, leading to rapid decay, and frequent 'reinvention of the wheel'. Understanding how to develop sustainable research software, such that it is suitable for future reuse, is therefore of interest to both researchers and funders, but how to achieve this remains an open question. Here we report the results of an interview study examining how research software engineers -the people actively developing software in an academic research environment -subjectively define software sustainability. Thematic analysis of the data reveals two interacting dimensions: intrinsic sustainability, which relates to internal qualities of software, such as modularity, encapsulation and testability, and extrinsic sustainability, concerning cultural and organisational factors, including how software is resourced, supported and shared. Research software engineers believe an increased focus on quality and discoverability are key factors in increasing the sustainability of academic research software.

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An exploratory study of software sustainability dimensions and characteristics

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Identification of Potential Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption in Oil-Producing Nations—The Case of Saudi Arabia

Identification of Potential Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption in Oil-Producing Nations—The Case of Saudi Arabia

BERT-Based Approach for Greening Software Requirements Engineering Through Non-Functional Requirements

What Makes Research Software Sustainable? An Interview Study with Research Software Engineers

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